Introduction

Question 1

What are the layers of th skin?

Answer 1

Sub cutis
Dermis
Epidermis

Question 2

What is the sub cutis?

Answer 2

Innermost layer of kin

Fat energy store that offers insulin and fibrous bands that anchor skin to fascia

Question 3

What is the dermis?

Answer 3

Collagen and elastic matrix

Question 4

What is in the dermis?

Answer 4

Mucopolysaccharise gel, fibroblasts, dermal dendrites cells and macrophages

Question 5

What are the types of cell in the epidermis?

Answer 5

Keratinocytes
Langerhans
Melanocytes

Question 6

What cells form the majority of th epidermis?

Answer 6

Keratinocytes

Question 7

What is the function of langerhans cells in the epidermis?

Answer 7

Process antigens and migrate to lymph nodes to induce immune response

Question 8

What are melanocytes?

Answer 8

Cells that are excreted and phagocytksed into keratinocytes

Question 9

What are the layers of the epidermis?

Answer 9

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

Question 10

What is the structure of the stratum corneum?

Answer 10

Dead cells in a hard protein envelope- cells contain keratin and are surrounded by lipids

Question 11

What is the structure of the stratum lucidum?

Answer 11

Dead cells that lie within keratohyalin

Question 12

What is the structure of he stratum granulosum?

Answer 12

Keratohyalin and a hard protein envelope form

Question 13

What happens in the stratum granulosum?

Answer 13

Lamellar bodies release lipids and cells die

Question 14

What is the structure of th stratum spinosum?

Answer 14

Keratin fibres and lamellar bodies

Question 15

What happens on the stratum basale?

Answer 15

Cells divide by mitosis and some newly formed cells become the cells of the more superficial strata

Question 16

What are the regions of the nail?

Answer 16

Lunula
Nail plate
Hyponychium

Question 17

What are the 3 stages of hair growth?

Answer 17

Anagen
Catagen
Telogen

Question 18

What is the anagen phase?

Answer 18

Active phase pf hair growth

Question 19

What is the catagen phase?

Answer 19

Growth stops and follicle shrinks- 2-3 week phase

Question 20

What is the telegenic phase?

Answer 20

Resting phase for 1-4 months, up to 10% hair on normal scalp

Question 21

What are the functions of the skin?

Answer 21

Thermoregulation
Immune
Barrier
Sensation
Vit D synthesis
Interpersonal communication

Question 22

What are the thermoregulative functions f the skin?

Answer 22

Insulation

Heat transfer

Question 23

What does the skin protect against?

Answer 23

MEchanical
Chemical
UV light
Microorganisms

Question 24

What does the skin keep in?

Answer 24

Water
Electrolytes
Macromolecules

Question 25

What sensations is skin involved in?

Answer 25

Temperature Touch Pain

Question 26

What is UV light used for?

Answer 26

Convert 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholecalciferol

Question 27

What can skin disease cause?

Answer 27

``` Disfirgurement Discomfort Disability Depression Death ```

Question 28

What are the types of causes of skin disease?

Answer 28

External | Internal

Question 29

What are the eternal causes of skin disease?

Answer 29

``` Temperature UV light Chemical Infection Trauma ```

Question 30

What are the chemical causes of skin disease?

Answer 30

Allergen or irritant

Question 31

What are the internal causes of skin disease?

Answer 31

Systemic disease Genetics Drugs Infection

Question 32

What is a macule?

Answer 32

Small circumscribed area

Question 33

What s a patch?

Answer 33

Large circumscribed area

Question 34

What is a papule?

Answer 34

Small raised area

Question 35

What is a plaque?

Answer 35

Larger raised area

Question 36

What isa vesicle?

Answer 36

Small, fluid filled

Question 37

What is a bulla?

Answer 37

Large, fluid filled

Question 38

What is a pustule?

Answer 38

Small pus filled

Question 39

What is an abscess?

Answer 39

Large pus filled

Question 40

What is an erosion?

Answer 40

Loss f epidermis

Question 41

What is an ulcer?

Answer 41

Loss of epidermis and dermis

Question 42

What is classed as "small"?

Answer 42

<5mm

Question 43

What investigations should be done for a bacterial infection?

Answer 43

Charcoal swab- ask for microscopy, culture and sensitivities

Question 44

What investigations should be done or a viral infection?

Answer 44

Viral swab for PCR- skin or vesicle/bulla | Is systemic illness, take throat swab

Question 45

What is taken for a fungal infection?

Answer 45

Skin scraping Nail clipping Hair sample

Question 46

What is the common way to take a skin biopsy?

Answer 46

Punch biopsy

Question 47

When is a skin biopsy done?

Answer 47

When there is no sign of infection or unknown cause of reaction