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BB2 > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system?

A
  • gather sensory information from external environment
  • integrate info for assessment and meaning
  • produce motor/behavioural/cognitive responses
  • regulate body homeostasis
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2
Q

What are the subdivisions of the nervous system?

A

nervous system -> CNS -> brain and spinal cord

nervous system -> PNS -> Somatic and ANS -> symp, PS and enteric

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3
Q

What are the seven main components of the CNS?

A 
spinal cord
medulla oblangata
pons
cerebellum
midbrain
diencephalon
cerebral hemispheres
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4
Q

What derives from the embryonic forebrain?

A

Cerebrum - cerebral hemispheres, cerebral cortex, white matter, basal ganglia
Diencephalon - thalamus, hypothalamus, posterior pituitary, pineal gland

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5
Q

What derives from the embryonic midbrain?

A

midbrain part of brainstem

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6
Q

What derives from the embryonic hindbrain?

A

Pons - cerebellum

medulla oblangata

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7
Q

What are the 3 parts of the brainstem?

A
  • midbrain
  • pons
  • medulla oblangata
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8
Q

What is the role of the brainstem nuclei?

A
  • breathing, swallowing, balance, autonomic regulation, visual and auditory reflexes
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9
Q

What does the brainstem receive input from?

A

11 cranial nerves

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10
Q

What is the function of the midbrain?

A

Visual and auditory reflexes

Orienting reflexes

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11
Q

What is the function of the pons?

A

Relay of information from the cochlea and vestibular apparatus
Control of movement and sensation from the face
Control of mastication

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12
Q

What is the role of the medulla oblangata?

A

Integration of breathing and swallowing
Control of respiration
Control of blood pressure
Control of cortical arousal

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13
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

A
  • CN1: Olfactory
  • CN2: Optic
  • CN3: Oculomotor
  • CN4: Trochlear
  • CN5: Trigeminal
  • CN6: Abducens
  • CN7: Facial
  • CN8: Vestibulocochlear
  • CN9: Glossopharyngeal
  • CN10: Vagus
  • CN11: Accessory
  • CN12: Hypoglossal
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14
Q

Which cranial nerves are sensory and which are motor?

A 
1 - sensory
2 - sensory
3 - motor
4 - motor
5 - both
6 - motor
7 - both
8 - sensory
9 - both
10 - both
11 - motor
12 - motor
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15
Q

What lobes make up the cerebral hemispheres? What are their functions?

A
  • frontal lobe (frontal motor movement)
  • temporal lobe (hearing and memory)
  • parietal lobe (somatosensory)
  • occipital lobe (vision)
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16
Q

What are the sulci in the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Central

Lateral

17
Q

What are the primary cortex areas and their functions?

A

Primary motor cortex - voluntary movement
Primary sensory cortex (behind) - somatic sensations
Primary auditory complex - hearing
Primary visual cortex - vision

18
Q

What are the secondary cortex areas and functions?

A

Broca’s - language expression

Wernicke’s - language comprehension

19
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A
  • Co-ordinates complex somatic motor patterns
20
Q

What is the function of the cerebrum?

A

Conscious thought processes
Memory storage and processing
Conscious and subconscious regulation of skeletal muscle contractions

21
Q

What arteries are involved in the anterior supply to the CNS? (revise circle of willis)

A

Internal carotid artery:

  • anterior cerebral
  • middle cerebral
  • anterior choroidal
  • posterior communicating
  • posterior cerebral
22
Q

What arteries are involved in the posterior supply to the CNS? (revise circle of willis)

A

Vertebral/basilar arteries:

  • posterior cerebral
  • superior cerebellar
  • anterior inferior cerebellar
  • posterior inferior cerebellar
  • anterior spinal
  • posterior spinal
23
Q

What are the 4 spinal tracts and what are their roles?

A
  • DCML (dorsal column medial lemniscus) : made up of cuneate and gracile, discriminative touch
  • CSP (corticospinal): motor descending
  • SPC (spinocerebellar): proprioception
  • SPT (spinothalamic): pain and temperature
24
Q

Where are the crossover points for each spinal tract?

A
  • DCML - medulla
  • CSP - spinomedullary junction
  • SPC - no functional crossover
  • SPT - spinal cord
25
Q

What are the main neurotransmitters?

A 
Acetylcholine 
Dopamine
GABA
Glutamate
Glycine
Noradrenaline
Serotonin
26
Q

What is the function of acetylcholine?

A

Spinal cord neurons use to control muscles
Brain uses for memory regulation
Excitatory

27
Q

What is dopamine used for?

A

Pleasure feelings, reward, multiple functions

28
Q

What is GABA used for?

A

Inhibitory

In brain

29
Q

What is glutamate used for?

A

Excitatory

In brain

30
Q

What is glycine used for?

A

Inhibitory and excitatory effects

Co-agonist with glutamate

31
Q

What is noradrenaline used for?

A

PNS - part of fight or flight

CNS - regulates complex processes such as mood

32
Q

What is serotonin used for?

A

Mood, appetite, sensory perception, pain modulatory pathways

BB2 (31 decks)

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