INTRODUCTION & EVOLUTION OF MICROBIOLOGY Flashcards by michaela gail

Specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification

microbiology

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study of bacteria

bacteriology

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study of viruses

virology

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study of fungi

mycology

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study of protozoa and parasitic worms

parasitology

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study of algae

phycology

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study of worms

helminthology

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study of the immune system and immune response

immunology

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study of the organisms (parasites) that take its abode and depend its nourishment and shelter from a bigger organism to survive

parasitology

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the study and medical implications of parasites that infect humans

medical parasitology

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microscopic, dominant, and oldest organisms on earth

microorganisms

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2 types of microorganisms

cellular and acellular

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prokaryote and eukaryotes are types of ___ microorganisms

cellular

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examples of prokaryotes

bacteria, cyanobacteria, archaeans

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examples of eukaryotes

fungi, protozoa, algae

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prions and viruses are types of ___ microorganisms

acellular

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infectious particle made up of misfolded prion proteins

prions

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study of pathogens, the diseases they cause and the body’s defenses against disease

medical

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monitors and controls the spread of disease in communities

public health microbiology and epidemiology

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what does NCDPC stand for?

national center for disease prevention and control

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study of the complex web of immune responses to infection by microorganisms
Study of autoimmunity and hypersensitivity

immunology

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study of microbes in their natural habitats

environmental / microbial ecology

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study of the practical uses of microbes in food processing, industrial production, and biotechnology

industrial / applied

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processing and disposal of garbage and sewage wastes, and purification and processing of water supplied

sanitary

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includes any process in which human use the metabolism of living things to arrive at a desired product

biotechnology

involved with the relationships between microbes and crops, with an emphasis on improving yields and combating plant diseases

agricultural

study of the microorganisms which inhabit, create or contaminate food

food

study of the role of microbe sin veterinary medicine or animal taxonomy; zoonotic disease

veterinary

study of microbial growth, microbial metabolism, and microbial cell structure

microbial physiology and genetics

involves techniques that deliberately alter the genetic makeup of organisms to mass-produce certain products, create new substances, and develop unique organisms

genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology

give 3 specialty professions in microbiology

geomicrobiology, astromicrobiology, marine microbiology

when did the plague epidemic in egypt occur?

3180 BC

when did the smallpox-like outbreak occur?

1122 BC

whose mummified remains showed lesion resembling smallpox?

rameses V

book that showed the first recording of public health

leviticus

- 1546 - invisibe organisms are involved in disease - disease are caused by SPORES

girolamo fracastoro

when was the microscope invented?

late 16th century / 1590 (fr. other sources)

- 1665 microscope was imporved - discovered the CELL

robert hooke

- 1668 - animals do not arise from dead organic matter

franceso redi

- late 1670s - invented the single lens microscope - observed ANIMALCULES

anton van leeuwenhoek

- father of microbiology - provided descriptions of bacteria, protozoa, and fungi

anton van leeuwenhoek

- 1745 - there was a life force that produced spontaneous generation - BROTH experiment

john needham

- 1770 - challenged the claim of john needham - heated broth in the absence of air does NOT support spontaneous generation

lazzaro spallanzani

- 1796 - introduced the first vaccine for SMALLPOX - cowpox vaccine

edward jenner

- 1847 to 1850 - CHILDBED fever is a contagious disease transmitted to women by their physician during birth - washing with chlorinating LIME solutions

ignaz philipp semmelweis

- 1853 to 1854 - CHOLERA epidemic was from contaminated water supply of human sewage

john snow

- 1857 - germ theory of disease - pasteurization - aerobes and anaerobes - fermentation process

louis pasteur

killing microorganisms in different types of liquids; basis for aseptic techniques

pasteurization

1881 - developed vaccine for ANTHRAX in animals 1885 - developed vaccine for RABIES

louis pasteur

- 1858 - challenged abiogenesis with theory of BIOGENESIS - “omni cellula e cellula”

rudolf virchow

- 1867 - aseptic surgery using PHENOL

joseph lister

- 1876 to 1877 - open tubes of broth remained free of bacteria if air was free of dust - tyndallization

john tyndall

fractional sterilization to destroy spores

tyndallization

- 1884 to 1187 - koch’s postulates - pure culture techniques - discovered the pathogen for TB - his assisstant invented the petri dish

robert koch

microorganisms caused certain disease through a series of scientific steps

koch’s postulates

koch’s assistant that invented a round shallow dish with a flat bottom and vertical sides to hold agar or gelatin growth media (petri dish)

julius richard petri

- 1884 - gram STAINING technique for differentiating bacteria

hans christian gram

- 1890 - producing immunity by using antitoxin against DIPTHERIA

emil adolf von behring

- 1892 - first to discover VIRUSES

dmitri ivanosky

- 1898 - mosquitoes carry the MALARIA parasite Plasmodium in their digestive tract

giovanni battista grassi

- 1898 - malaria parasite in the GI tract of the ANOPHELES mosquito - receive the nobel rpize for physiology of medicine in 1902

sir ronald ross

- 19th century - developed modern NURSING technqiues

florence nightingale

- 1905 - SYPHILIS is known to be caused by Treponima pallidum

first richard schaudinn and erich hoffman

- 1910 - discovered SALVARSAN for syphilis - magic bullet of chemotherapy

paul ehrlich

- 1910 - discovered viruses that could induce CANCER

francis rous

- 1929 - discovered PENICILLIN from the mold Penicillium notatum

alexander fleming

- 1933 to 1938 - developed the first ELECTRON microscope

ernst august friedrich ruska and bodo von borries

- 1954 - developed the first POLIO vaccine

jonas salk

- 1982 - 1st version of HEPA B vaccine isolated from fresh human blood

maurice ralph hilleman

- 1983 - isolation and characterization of HIV

luc antoine montangier and robert charles gallo

- 1986 - discovery of HEPA C virues - invention of 1st RECOMBINANT hepatitis b vaccine

pablo DT valenzuela

when was HPV vaccine invented?

2006

life may arise from nonliving matter

theory of abiogenesis / spontaneous generation

life must arise from preexisting life

theory of biogenesis