ORGANISMS THAT MAKE UP THE MICROBIAL WORLD Flashcards
1
Q
cocci - berry cell shape
A
cocci
2
Q
cocci - rod shaped cell
A
bacilli
3
Q
cocci - cell that have one or more twists
A
spiral
4
Q
cocci - cell that changes shape or size in response to environmental conditions
A
pleomorphic
5
Q
cocci - 1 plane of division composed of 2 cells
A
diplo
6
Q
cocci - 1 plane of division has many cells; stacks
A
strepto
7
Q
cocci - 2 planes of division
A
tetrad
8
Q
cocci - 3 planes of division
A
sarcinae
9
Q
bacilli - one plane of division
A
strepto
10
Q
bacilli - thick, short type of bacilli; almost same with diplo
A
coccobacillus
11
Q
spiral - one twist
A
vibrio
12
Q
spiral - many twist
A
spirillum
13
Q
element commonly used as energy source
A
carbon
14
Q
uses organic carbon as energy source
A
heterotrophs
15
Q
uses inorganic carbon as energy source
A
autotrophs
16
Q
- major component of proteins, n acids, coenzymes
- terminal electron acceptor in respiration by some bacteria
A
nitrogen
17
Q
constituent of some amino acids in proteins and some coenzymes
A
sulfur
18
Q
- constituent of water, most organic cell components
- electron acceptor in aerobic respiration
A
oxygen
19
Q
constituent of water and organic cell components, hydrogen ions form hydrogen bonds, and maintain pH of solution
A
hydrogen
20
Q
component of ATP, phospholipids and coenzyme
A
phosphorus
21
Q
15-20 C temp for growth
A
psychrophiles
22
Q
20-40 C temp for growth
A
mesophiles
23
Q
45-80 C temp for growth
A
thermophiles
24
Q
80-250 C temp for growth
A
hyperthermophiles
25
less than 5.4 pH for growth
acidophile
26
5.4-8.5 pH for growth
neutrophiles
27
8.5-11.5 pH for growth
alkaliphiles
28
absorbs light to obtain energy
phototrophic
29
makes own energy without the need to absorb light
chemotrophic
30
antigens create ___ in the body that triggers the creation of antibodies
toxins
31
have absolute oxygen requirement
obligate aerobes
32
can mutliply in the presence or absence of oxygen
facultative anaerobes
33
unable to multiphy in the presence of oxygen
obligate anaerobe
34
prefers presence of 5-10% carbon dioxide with small amount of oxygen
capnophilic
35
require small amounts of oxygen (2-10% for aerobic respiration )
microaerophilic
36
can grow in the presence of oxygen but do not use it
aerotolerant
37
ability to cause disease
pathogenicity
38
distribution to nature, interaction between and among species
ecological
39
- photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms
- more plantlike than protozoa
algae
40
consist of pellicle (thickened cell membrane), a stigma (a light sensing organelle), and flagella
algae
41
pathogenicity of algae
rare
42
- combination of alga and a fungus
- yeats may also be present
lichen
43
- have both fungal and protozoal characteristics
- start as ameba, progress into multicellular organisms
slime moulds
44
decomposer and nutrient recyclers
slime moulds
45
- divided into macroscopic and microscopic
- not photosynthetic
fungi
46
examples of macroscopic fungi
mushrooms, puffballs, gill fungi
47
examples of microscopic fungi
molds, yeasts
48
fungi’s cell walls contain a polysaccharide called ___
chitin
49
sterols are usually present in the ___ of fungi
cell membrane
50
2 basic forms of fungi
yeasts and molds
51
single celled fungi, reproduce by budding
yeast
52
hyphae and mycelia, reproduce by mitosis
molds
53
molds with transverse walls
septate hyphae
54
molds that are multinucelated
nonseptate hyphae
55
basing their growth on temperature
thermal dimorphism
56
fungi that lives on organic matter
saprophytic
57
fungi that can be found on bodies of living animals or plants
parasitic
58
sexual reproduction of fungi is in the form of ___
spores
59
asexual reproduction of fungi is in the form of ___
budding and binary fission
60
give the desirable effects of fungi
- decomposers
- chemotherapy
- biotechnology
- protein supplements
- production of cellulose
61
give the undesirable effects of fungi
- spoilage of food
- plant pathogens
- cause human diseases
62
2 types of host response to fungi
granumatous and pyogenic response
63
causes liver necrosis due to AMANITIN and PHALLOIDIN
amanita mushrooms
64
ingestion of contaminated peanuts and grans causes liver cancer dure to AFLATOXIN
aspergillus flavus
65
inhalation of the spores causes allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (IgE-mediated)
aspergillus fumigatus
66
ways to diagnose fungi in the lab
- microscopy of KOH
- sabouraud agar
- DNA probes
67
enumerate the eukaryotic microbes
- algae
- lichens
- slime moulds
- fungi
68
- obligate intracellular parasites of plants
- acellular
- naked RNA
viroids
69
- non cellular infectious proteins
- same amino acid sequence as normal human cell surface proteins BUT folded differently
prions
70
- resistant to nucleases, proteases, many chemical, and normal autoclaving
- associated spongiform encephalopathies
- CREAUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE, KURU, FATAL FAMILIAL INSOMNIA
prions
71
appearance of vacuolated neurons with loss of function and the lack of an immune response or inflammation
spongiform encephalopathies
72
transmission of spongiform encephalopathies
via infected tissue or via inherited syndrome
73
susceptible population of spongiform encephalopathies
- women and children of the for tribe in new guinea
- neurosurgeons and brain surgery patients
- transplant surgeons and patients
74
- smallest infectious agents
- contain only either DNA or RNA
virus
75
- inert in the extracellular environment
- replicate only in living cells
virus
76
virus that infects bacteria
bacteriophage
77
surrounds the center of the virion
capsid or protein coat
78
combination of the nucleic acids and the capsid
nucleocapsid
79
helps the virus attach to the host cell
protein spikes
80
the complete viral particle
virion
81
surrounds the nucleocapsid
membrane envelope
82
- most stable
- a geometric shape with 20 triangular sides
icosahedral
83
morphologic units seen in electron microscope on the surface of icosahedral viral particles
capsomeres
84
RNA virus that can immediately be translated by the host ribosomes to proteins
positive stranded
85
RNA virus that cannot be translated immediately; it must transcirbe to a positive strand first
negative strand
86
cannot be translated directly into proteins; it must be trsnascribed into mRNA with subsequent translation of mRNA into structural proteins
DNA virus
87
outcome of viral infections where there is change in functional visual in infected cells
cytopathic
88
outcome of viral infections where it induces transformation and unrestrained growth
malignant transformation
89
outcome of viral infections where the infected cell appears normal but are producing large numbers of progeny viruses
commensal symbiosis
90
- prokaryotic organisms with peptidoglycan cell walls
- “true bacteria ”
eubacteria
91
give the habitats of bacteria
- soil
- plants
- animals
- humans
92
how is bacteria able to reproduce?
binary fission
93
give examples of diseases caused by bacteria
- botulism
- cholera
- tooth decay
- gonorrhea
- lyme disease
- rocky mountain spotted fever
- salmonella food poisoning
- strep throat
- tetanus
- tuberculosis
94
what disease is caused by streptococcus mutans, sanguis, and salivarus?
tooth decay
95
what disease is caused by borrelia burgdorferi?
lyme disease
96
what disease is caused by rickettsia ricketsii?
rocky mountain spotted fever
97
what disease is caused by borrelia burdogferi?
lyme disease
98
what disease is caused by streptococcus pyogenes?
strep throat
99
- ancient bacteria
- nonpathogenic
- prev referred to as archaebacterial and archeobacteria
archaea
100
fuel production from sewage caused by archaea
methanogens
101
organisms that live on or in other living organisms (host)
parasites
102
parasite that is established in or on the exterior surface of a host
ectoparasite
103
parasite that is establsihed inside of a host
endoparasite
104
parasite that is capable of existing independently of a host
facultative parasite
105
parasite that cannot survive outside of a host
obligate parasite
106
host other than the normal that is harboring a parasite
accidental / incidental host
107
host that harbors the adult or sexual stage of the parasite or the sexual phase of the life cycle
definitive host
108
host harboring parasites the are parasitic for human and from which humans may become infected
reservoir host
109
host responsible for transferring a parasite from one place to another
transport host
110
parasite harboring host that is not exhibiting any symptoms but can infect others
carrier
111
a host from which the parasite cannot continue its life cycle
dead-end host
112
- first animal
- exhibits some characteristics typical of animal life
protozoa
113
- unicellular
- change shape as they move along surfaces
- no cell wall, has pellicle
- has pseudopods
protozoa
114
how does the protozoa reproduce?
binary fission
115
where are these species commonly found
- entamoeba histolytica
- giardia lambia
- cryptosporidium parvum
instestinal tract
116
where is trichomona vaginalis commonly found?
urigenital tract
117
where are these species commly found
- plasmodium spp.
- taxoplasma gondii
- trypanosoma spp.
blood and tissue
118
- parasitic worms
- endoparasites
helminths
119
other name for round worms
nematodes
120
other name for platyhelminthes
flatworms
121
2 examples of flatworms
tapeworms (cestodes) and flukes (trematodes)
122
sections of the flatworm are called?
proglottid
123
where can the suckers of the flatworm be found?
scolex
124
how do helminths reproduce? (3)
fertilized egg (embryo), larval, adult stages
125
possessing both male and female reproductive organs, structures, or tissue
hermaphroditic
126
possessing both male and female reproductive organs, structures, or tissue
hermaphroditic
127
give examples of diseases that can be caused by helminths
- ascariasis
- elephantiasis
- hookworm
- lymphatic filariasis
- schistosomiasis
- trichuriasis
128
- invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton
- include the insects, arachnids, crustaceans
arthropods
129
arthon means?
joint
130
podos means?
foot
131
give examples of common arthropods
lice, flease, flies, mosquitoes, mites, ticks
132
pathogenicity of arthopods
- actual cause of disease
- as intermeidate host in the life cycle of parasite
- definitive host in the life cyle of parasite
- vector in transmission of disease
