Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards exam 1 > Introduction of the Body Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Introduction of the Body Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

study of structure and form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does the word Anatomy derive from and what does it mean

A

derived from the word “anatome” meaning to cut a part or dissect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do anatomists study and and what specifically do they examine

A
  • anatomist study form and structure
  • they specifically examine the relationships among the body parts and the structure of individual organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Physiology

A

study of function of the body parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what do physiologists examine

A

-they examine how organs and body systems function under normal circumstances as well as how the functioning of these organs can be altered via medication or disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what do anatomists and physiologists use to explain and understanding the workings of the body

A

scientific method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

explain the steps of the scientific method

A
  1. examine natural events (or phenomena) through observation
  2. develop a hypothesis (possible explanation) for explaining these phenomena
  3. experiment and test the hypothesis through the collection of data
  4. determine if the data supports the hypothesis or if the hypothesis needs to be rejected or modified
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what did early anatomists and physiologists use the scientific method for and types of topics do we use it for today

A

early anatomists and physiologists used the scientific method to explain how blood circulates in the body

today for example we use it to understand how the brain stores memories or how cancer spreads throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why was anatomy and physiology integrated

A

to show how form and function are interrelated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

microscopic anatomy

A

examines structures that cannot be seen by the unaided eye
specimens ( cells or thin slices of body structure) are prepared then are examined under a microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the subdivisions of microscopic anatomy

A

histology and cytology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

histology

A

derived from the word (histos) meaning web tissue
study of body tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cytology

A

derived from word kytos ( a hallow) cell; logos meaning study
cellular anatomy – study of body cells and their internal structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

macroscopic anatomy
investigates the relationship and structures of body parts that are visible to the unaided eye such as the stomach, brain, heart, and kidneys
specimens dissected for examination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the subdivisions of gross anatomy

A

systemic anatomy, regional anatomy , surface anatomy, comparative anatomy, and embryology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is systemic anatomy and give an example

A

studies the anatomy of each functional body system

ex. studying the urinary system involving the kidneys (where urine is formed) and the organs of the urine transport (ureters and urethra) and storage (urinary bladder)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is regional anatomy and give an example

A

examines all structures in a particular region of the body, as a complete unit

ex. one may study the auxiliary (armpit) region of the body and in doing soon examine blood vessels, (auxiliary artery and vein) nerves ( branches of the brachial plexus) lymph nodes, musculature, connective tissue and skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is surface anatomy and give an example

A

focuses on both superficial and anatomic markings and the internal body structures that relate to the skin covering

ex. used for pulse locations— where to perform CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is comparative anatomy and give an example

A

examines the similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species

ex. a comparative anatomy class may examine limb structures in humans, chimps, dogs, and cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is embryology

A

derived from the word (embryonic – young one)
the discipline concerned with the developmental changes occurring from conception to birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the specialized branches in anatomy that are focused on the diagnosis of medical conditions or the advancement of basic scientific research

A

pathologic anatomy and radiographic anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is pathologic anatomy

A

examines all anatomic changes resulting from disease

both gross anatomic changes and microscopic structures are examined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

radiographic anatomy

A

investigates the relationships among the internal structures that may be visualized by specific scanning procedures, such as sonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or x-ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the specific subdisciplines in physiology that focus their studies on a particular body system

A

cardiovascular physiology, neurophysiology, respiratory physiology reproductive physiology, and pathophysiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
cardiovascular physiology
examines the functioning of the heart, blood vessels, and blood
26
what do cardiovascular physiologists examine
-examine how the heart pumps blood -what the parameters are for healthy blood pressure -details of cellular exchange mechanisms by which respiratory gases, nutrients, and wastes move between blood and body structures
27
neurophysiology
examines how nerve impulses are propagated throughout the nervous system
28
respiratory physiology
studies how respiratory gases are transferred by gas exchange between the lungs and the blood vessels
29
reproductive physiology
explores how the regulation of reproductive hormones can drive the reproductive cycle and influence sex cell and maturation
30
pathophysiology
investigates the relationship between the functioning of an organ system and disease or injury to that organ system
31
what is an example of something a pathologist would examine
how blood pressure contractile force of the heart and both gas and nutrient exchange may be affected in an individual affiliated with heart disease
32
what are the several distinctive properties that are common to all organisms including humans
organization metabolism anabolism catabolism growth and development responsiveness regulation reproduction
33
organization
all organisms exhibit a complex structure and order
34
metabolism
-all organisms engage in metabolism (metabole)--- change - the sum all chemical reactions that occur within the body consists of both anabolism and catabolism
35
anabolism
anabole-- rising up small molecules joined to form larger molecules
36
catabolism
katabole-- casting down larger molecules are broken down into smaller molecules
37
what is an example of catabolism
use of cellular energy ATP for muscle contraction
38
growth and development
during lifetime, organisms assimilate materials from their environment and often exhibit increased size (growth) and increased specialization as related to form and function (development)
39
example of growth and development
as the human body grows and develops, the brain becomes more complex and elaborated integrated
40
responsiveness
ability to sense and react to stimuli (changes in external and internal environment ) occurs at almost all levels of organization
41
what is an example of (responsiveness)
skin interacts with hot temp. human withdraws hand from stimulus to prevent injury or damage
42
regulation
organism must be able to adjust internal bodily function in response to environmental changes --- homeostasis
43
what is an example of regulation --- in the body
when body temp. rises more blood is circulated near the body's surface to facilitate heat loss and return body temp. within normal range
44
homeostasis
maintaining body structures and function
45
reproduction
all organisms produce new cells for growth, maintenance, and repair somatic body cells divide by process mitosis -- sex cells under the right conditions have the ability to develop into a new living organism
46
what are the levels of increasingly complex organization in humans
chemical level cellular level tissue level organ level organ system level
47
chemical level
simplest level --- atoms, molecules, and macromolecules
48
atom
smallest unit of matter
49
molecule
when two or more atoms combine ex. sugar, a water molecule, or vitamin
50
macromolecules
include some proteins and DNA molecules for specialized microscopic subunits called organelles
51
organelles
complex organized structures in the cytoplasm of a cell with unique characteristic shapes called "little organs"
52
Cellular level
composed of cells -- smallest living structural and functional unit of a living organism ---formed from atoms and molecules from the chemical level
53
tissue level
consist of tissues which are a group of similar cells that perform common functions
54
what are the four major tissues
epithelia tissue-- covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities connective tissue --- protects, supports, and binds structures and organs muscle tissue--- produces movement nervous tissue ---conducts nerve impulses for communication
55
organ level
composed of organs; contains 2 or more types of tissue types working together to perform specific complex functions ex. small intestine composed of 4 types of tissue types working together to process and absorb digested nutrients
56
organ system level
contains multiple related organs that work together to coordinate activities and achieve a common function
57
levels of organization in the human body
atom -- molecule-- organelle---cellular level--- tissue level-- organ level--- organ system level
58
organ systems of the human body
integumentary system skeleton system muscular system nervous system endocrine system respiratory system cardiovascular system lymphatic system urinary system digestive system male reproductive system female reproductive system
59
what 2 regions are the body partitioned into
axial and appendicular region
60
what parts of the body does the axial region include and what does it form
head, neck, and trunk forms main vertical axis of the body
61
appendicular region
upper and lower limbs

Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards exam 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions