Introduction, physical properties and conservation

Question 1

What is functional Biology?

Answer 1

How an organism carries out basic functions

Question 2

What is Ecology?

Answer 2

Factors involved in distribution/abundance of organisms

Question 3

Factors involved in distribution/abundance of organismsWhat are factors

Answer 3

Ecology

Question 4

What is the study of How an organism carries out basic functions

Answer 4

Functional Biology

Question 5

What is Biodiversity

Answer 5

Flora and fauna should be diverse to recover from moderate disturbances

Question 6

How do we study the scientific method?

Answer 6

1. State the question
2. Collection information
3. Form a hypothesis
4. Test hypothesis
5. Record and study data
6. Draw a conclusion

Question 7

What Nektons?

Answer 7

actively swimming aquatic organisms in a body of water

Question 8

What are actively swimming aquatic organisms in a body of water called?

Answer 8

Nektons

Question 9

What are Benthos?

Answer 9

organisms that live on, in, or near the bottom of the ocean.

Question 10

What are organisms that live on, in, or near the bottom of the ocean called?

Answer 10

Benthos

Question 11

What is intertidal?

Answer 11

The area where the ocean meets the land between high and low tides.

Question 12

What is the area where the ocean meets the land between high and low tides.

Answer 12

Intertidal

Question 13

What is subtidal?

Answer 13

the area where the seabed is below the lowest tide.

Question 14

What is the area where the seabed is below the lowest tide

Answer 14

Subtidal

Question 15

What is Nertic?

Answer 15

the shallow part of the ocean located between the intertidal zone and the oceanic zone

Question 16

What is the shallow part of the ocean located between the intertidal zone and the oceanic zone?

Answer 16

Nertic Zone

Question 17

What is pelagic?

Answer 17

of, relating to, or living or occurring in the open sea

Question 18

How deep is the epipelagic zone?

Answer 18

0-200m deep

Question 19

How deep is the mesopelagic zone?

Answer 19

200-1000m deep

Question 20

How deep is the Bathyal zone?

Answer 20

1000-4000m deep

Question 21

How deep is the Abysall zone?

Answer 21

4000-6000m deep

Question 22

How deep is the hadal zone?

Answer 22

more than 6000m deep

Question 23

How much of Earth’s oceans cover the planet?

Answer 23

71%

Question 24

How much does the Southern Hemisphere cover?

Answer 24

80%

Question 25

How much does the Northern Hemisphere cover?

Answer 25

61%

Question 26

How much of the ocean is 2000m deep?

Answer 26

84%

Question 27

How deep is the mariana's Trench

Answer 27

more than 11,000m deep

Question 28

What is the Oceanic crust?

Answer 28

Crust is formed at ridges, moved laterally, and destroyed by subduction, which forms trenches

Question 29

What is Subduction?

Answer 29

Where one edge of one lithospheric plate is forced below the edge of another.

Question 30

What are trenches?

Answer 30

any long, narrow, steep-sided depression in the ocean bottom

Question 31

What is biologically the richest part of the ocean?

Answer 31

The continential Shelf

Question 32

Wha is the continential Shelf?

Answer 32

the edge of a continent that lies under the ocean

Question 33

What is the continential Slope?

Answer 33

Transition between the gently descending continential shelf and the deep ocean floor .

Question 34

What is the shelf break?

Answer 34

marks the limit of the continental shelf and the beginning of the continental slope

Question 35

What are submarine canyons?

Answer 35

a steep-sided valley cut into the seabed of the continental slope, often terminating on the deep sea floor in a fan shaped wedge of sediment

Question 36

What is the continential Rise?

Answer 36

Base of continental slope is covered by an apron of accumulated sediment

Question 37

What is an active continential margin?

Answer 37

Edges of diverging plates

Question 38

What is a passive continential margin?

Answer 38

Edges of converging plates

Question 39

What is the oceanic ridge?

Answer 39

Mountainous chain of young basaltic rock at the active spreading center of an ocean

Question 40

What are fracture areas?

Answer 40

inactive faults

Question 41

What are hydrotheromal vents?

Answer 41

fissure on the seabed from which geothermally heated water discharges

Question 42

What are abyssal plains?

Answer 42

Flat featureless expanses of sediment covered ocean floor

Question 43

What are abyssal hills?

Answer 43

Small sediment covered extinct volcanoes of once molten rock Less than 200 m (650ft) high

Question 44

What are seamounts?

Answer 44

Circular or elliptical (more then 1km (06 miles) high) with steep slope of 20 to 25 degrees

Question 45

What are Guyots?

Answer 45

Flat topped seamounts Eroded by wave action from the surface

Question 46

What are are Island Arcs?

Answer 46

Curving chains of volcanoes and seamounts Usually found parallel to concave edges of trenches

Question 47

What is the temperature range of the ocean?

Answer 47

(-1.9 to 40 °C) less than terrestrial range (-68.5 to 58 °C)

Question 48

How cold is the deep ocean?

Answer 48

Deep ocean is cold (2 to 4 °C)

Question 49

What is a verdical temperature gradient

Answer 49

The mean temperature in the occupied zone and the mean temperature in the zone above the occupied zone called the upper zone and a dimensionless temperature gradient

Question 50

Why is the ocean salty?

Answer 50

Geological rocks and hydrothermal vents

Question 51

What is salinity?

Answer 51

g of dissolved salts per 1000 g of seawater; units are o/oo or ppt or practical salinity unit

Question 52

What increases salinity?

Answer 52

evaporation, sea-ice formation

Question 53

What decreases salinity?

Answer 53

precipitation, river runoff

Question 54

What is the salinity of the open ocean?

Answer 54

32 to 38 o/oo

Question 55

What is corolis forces?

Answer 55

the rotation of the earth rotates current flow to the right in the N hemisphere, and to the left in S hemisphere