Introduction to Anatomy

Question 1

What is the smallest unit that can carry out functions of life?

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

List the levels of structural organization in the body from smallest to largest.

Answer 2

Chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 3

Name all 11 body systems

Answer 3

Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Lymphatic, Digestive, Respiratory, Cardiovascular, Endocrine, Urinary, Reproductive

Question 4

List all major parts of the integumentary system

Answer 4

Hair, skin, and nails

Question 5

List all major parts of the Skeletal system

Answer 5

Bones, joints, and cartilage

Question 6

List all major parts of the muscular system

Answer 6

skeletal muscles

Question 7

List all major parts of the nervous system

Answer 7

Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Question 8

List all major parts of the endocrine system

Answer 8

Pancreas, adrenal glands, pituitary glands, thyroid glands, ovaries, testes, hypothalamus

Question 9

List all major parts of the cardiovascular system

Answer 9

Blood vessels and heart

Question 10

List all major parts of the lymphatic system

Answer 10

Tonsils, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus

Question 11

List all major parts of the respiratory system

Answer 11

Pharynx, larynx, trachea, and lungs

Question 12

List all major parts of the digestive system

Answer 12

Mouth, esophagus, liver, stomach, gall bladder, pancreas, large and small intestine

Question 13

List all major parts of the urinary system

Answer 13

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

Question 14

List all major parts of the reproductive system

Answer 14

prostate gland, testes, penis (for males)
mammary gland, ovary, uterus, vagina (for females)

Question 15

“Front” in humans

Answer 15

Anterior (ventral)

Question 16

“Back” in humans

Answer 16

Posterior (dorsal)

Question 17

“Toward the head”

Answer 17

Superior (cranial)

Question 18

“Towards the tail”

Answer 18

Inferior (caudal)

Question 19

“closer to the point of origin”

Answer 19

Proximal

Question 20

further away from same point of origin

Answer 20

Distal

Question 21

closer to midline

Answer 21

Medial

Question 22

Further away from midline

Answer 22

Lateral

Question 23

Closer to the surface of the body

Answer 23

Superficial

Question 24

Further away from the surface of the body

Answer 24

Deep

Question 25

Know all regions of the body

Question 26

Sagittal plane

Answer 26

Divides the body into a left and right section

Question 27

frontal plane (coronal)

Answer 27

divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

Question 28

Transverse plane

Answer 28

Divides the body into superior and inferior sections

Question 29

Define: Cavity

Answer 29

Any fluid filled space within the body

Question 30

Posterior body cavity is subdivided into:

Answer 30

Cranial cavity and vertebral cavity

Question 31

Anterior body cavity is separated into:

Answer 31

Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

Question 32

Thoracic cavity is divided into:

Answer 32

Pleural, pericardial, and mediastinum

Question 33

Abdominopelvic cavity is separated into:

Answer 33

Abdominal and pelvic cavity (peritoneal cavity)

Question 34

What are the nine segments the abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into?

Answer 34

Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac

Question 35

What organs are located in the right lower quadrant (RLQ)?

Answer 35

Appendix, ovary, part of large intestine, and part of small intestine

Question 36

What organs are in the left upper quadrant (LUQ)?

Answer 36

Stomach, spleen, pancreas, and parts of the large intestine

Question 37

Visceral layers

Answer 37

in contact with the underlying organ

Question 38

Parietal layer

Answer 38

outermost layer attached to surrounding structures

Question 39

Serous fluid

Answer 39

extremely thin layer of fluid in-between two membrane layers

Question 40

Three serous body cavities

Answer 40

Pleural, Pericardial, and Peritoneal

Question 41

Negative feedback loops

Answer 41

opposes the initial change in a regulated variable

Question 42

Positive feedback loop

Answer 42

increases activity and reinforces the initial stimulus

Question 43

Is child birth a negative or positive feedback loop? Why?

Answer 43

Positive feedback; oxytocin will be produced to stimulate uterine contractions (effector increases and reinforced initial stimulus)