INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY

Question 1

This is the study of the normal structures of the human body & their relationship to one another; it is derived from Greek word “tome” which means to “cut into” (study by dissection); this is the human structural biology.

Answer 1

ANATOMY

Question 2

What are the four major divisions of human anatomy?

Answer 2

Gross anatomy, microscopic anatomy, embryology, and neuroanatomy.

Question 3

This division of anatomy has three branches, the systematic anatomy, regional anatomy, and surface anatomy.

Answer 3

Gross anatomy

Question 4

This division of anatomy has two branches; the cytology and histology.

Answer 4

Microscopic anatomy

Question 5

This focuses on the chemical and microscopic study of cells.

Answer 5

Cytology

Question 6

This focuses on the study of normal tissues of the body.

Answer 6

Histology

Question 7

This is the study of the development of the human body from fertilization of the ovum to the period of extrauterine life.

Answer 7

Embryology

Question 8

This is the study of normal microscopic, gross features & development of nervous system.

Answer 8

Neuroanatomy

Question 9

What are the 5 structural organization of the body?

Answer 9

Chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, and system level.

Question 10

LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION
OF THE BODY:

This includes atoms & molecules.

Answer 10

Chemical level

Question 11

LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION
OF THE BODY:

This is above the chemical level; it is composed of group of molecules performing specific functions.

Answer 11

Cellular level

Question 12

LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION
OF THE BODY:

This is composed of cells similar in structure & function together with their intracellular substance.

Answer 12

Tissue level

Question 13

LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION
OF THE BODY:

This is composed of different types of tissues joined together for specific function.

Answer 13

Organ level

Question 14

LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION
OF THE BODY:

This is composed of related organs
with some common definite functions.

Answer 14

System level

Question 15

BODY SYSTEMS:

This is the skin and its appendages.

Answer 15

Integumentary system

Question 16

BODY SYSTEM:

This is the bones and the cartilaginous parts

Answer 16

Skeletal system

Question 17

BODY SYSTEM:

This is the joints & associated bones & ligaments.

Answer 17

Articular system

Question 18

BODY SYSTEM:

This is the skeletal muscles.

Answer 18

Muscular system

Question 19

BODY SYSTEM:

This is the brain & spinal cord; (CNS) & the nerves arising from the (PNS); the master system that controls & coordinates the activities of all other
organs.

Answer 19

Nervous system

Question 20

BODY SYSTEM:

This is the heart & blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) & lymphatic system (lymph nodes & vessels).

Answer 20

Circulatory system or Vascular system

Question 21

BODY SYSTEM:

This is the oral cavity, pharynx, & gut; it extends from mouth to the anus; it includes glands: pancreas & liver.

Answer 21

Digestive system or Allimentary system

Question 22

BODY SYSTEM:

This is the lungs & system of tubes by which air reaches them; where the exchange of O2 and CO happens.

Answer 22

Respiratory system

Question 23

BODY SYSTEM:

This is the kidneys, urinary bladder, & excretory passages; the elimination of waste in the urine

Answer 23

Urinary system

Question 24

BODY SYSTEM:

This is the organs concerned with reproduction; in males it is know as the UROGENITAL SYSTEM.

Answer 24

Reproductive (genital) system

Question 25

BODY SYSTEM: This is where the ductless glands, hormones, circulatory system, and other parts of the body are found.

Answer 25

Endocrine system

Question 26

This is the standing erect of lying supine as if erect; head & eyes directed forward; upper limbs by the sides with palms facing forward; lower limbs together with the toes pointing forward.

Answer 26

Anatomical position

Question 27

This is the imaginary planes that passed through the body in anatomical position.

Answer 27

Anatomical planes

Question 28

ANATOMICAL PLANES: This is the sagittal plane that lies exactly in the midline.

Answer 28

Median plane or Mid-sagittal plane

Question 29

ANATOMICAL PLANES: This is the sagittal plane that does not pass the median plane (offset from midline).

Answer 29

Parasagittal plane

Question 30

ANATOMICAL PLANES: This is the vertical plane that divides the body into right & left parts.

Answer 30

Sagittal plane

Question 31

ANATOMICAL PLANES This is the plane that passes through the body at right angles to the median plane dividing it into anterior & posterior portions.

Answer 31

Coronal/Frontal plane

Question 32

ANATOMICAL PLANES: This is the plane that passes through the body at right angles to both the median & coronal planes dividing the body into upper & lower halves.

Answer 32

Horizontal/Transverse plane

Question 33

SECTIONS OF THE BODY: This is when the body part is cut in the direction of the long axis of the body, or any of its parts.

Answer 33

Longitudinal section (Vertical section)

Question 34

SECTIONS OF THE BODY: This is the cut at right angles to the longitudinal axis of its parts.

Answer 34

Transverse section (cross section)

Question 35

SECTIONS OF THE BODY: This is the diagonal or slant or deviate from the body planes.

Answer 35

Oblique section

Question 36

ANATOMICAL TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP: This is nearer to the head.

Answer 36

Superior (Cranial)

Question 37

ANATOMICAL TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP: This is nearer to the foot.

Answer 37

Inferior (caudal)

Question 38

ANATOMICAL TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP: This is nearer to the front.

Answer 38

Anterior (Ventral)

Question 39

ANATOMICAL TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP: This is nearer to the back.

Answer 39

Posterior (Dorsal)

Question 40

ANATOMICAL TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP: This is nearer to the median plane.

Answer 40

Medial

Question 41

ANATOMICAL TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP: This is farther from the median plane.

Answer 41

Lateral

Question 42

ANATOMICAL TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP: This is nearer to the trunk or point of origin.

Answer 42

Proximal

Question 43

ANATOMICAL TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP: This is farther from the trunk or point of origin.

Answer 43

Distal

Question 44

ANATOMICAL TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP: This is nearer to or on the surface

Answer 44

Superficial (Exterior)

Question 45

ANATOMICAL TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP: This is farther from the surface.

Answer 45

Deep (Internal)

Question 46

ANATOMICAL TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP: This is nearer to or forward to center.

Answer 46

Central

Question 47

ANATOMICAL TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP: This is farther from the center.

Answer 47

Peripheral

Question 48

ANATOMICAL TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP: This is the external wall of a body cavity.

Answer 48

Parietal

Question 49

ANATOMICAL TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP: This is the covering of an organ.

Answer 49

Visceral

Question 50

TERMS OF MOVEMENT: This is bending or decreasing the angle between body parts.

Answer 50

Flexion

Question 51

TERMS OF MOVEMENT: This is straightening of increasing the angle between body parts.

Answer 51

Extension

Question 52

TERMS OF MOVEMENT: This is moving away from the median plane.

Answer 52

Abduction

Question 53

TERMS OF MOVEMENT: This is moving toward the median plane.

Answer 53

Adduction

Question 54

TERMS OF MOVEMENT: This is the movement in a superior direction.

Answer 54

Elevation

Question 55

TERMS OF MOVEMENT: This is the downward movement of the structure of the body.

Answer 55

Depression

Question 56

TERMS OF MOVEMENT: This is the anterior movement of a bone in the horizontal plane.

Answer 56

Protraction

Question 57

TERMS OF MOVEMENT: This is moving around the long axis.

Answer 57

Rotation

Question 58

TERMS OF MOVEMENT: This is the circular movement combining flexion, abduction, & adduction.

Answer 58

Circumduction

Question 59

TERMS OF MOVEMENT: This is moving the foot wherein the sole faces laterally

Answer 59

Eversion

Question 60

TERMS OF MOVEMENT: This is moving the foot wherein the sole faces medially.

Answer 60

Inversion

Question 61

TERMS OF MOVEMENT: This is the movement of mandible forward.

Answer 61

Protrusion

Question 62

TERMS OF MOVEMENT: This is the movement of mandible backward.

Answer 62

Retraction

Question 63

TERMS OF MOVEMENT: This is rotating the forearm and laterally so the palm faces anteriorly

Answer 63

Supination

Question 64

TERMS OF MOVEMENT: This is rotating the forearm & hand medially so the palm faces posteriorly.

Answer 64

Pronation