APPENDICULAR SKELETON

Question 1

How many bones are there in the upper extremities? and what are these?

Answer 1

Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Ulna & Radius, Carpals, Metacarpals, and Phalanges

Question 2

This consists of the clavicle anteriorly & the scapula posteriorly. It functions as an attachment for the upper extremities to the axial skeleton, and for attachment of muscles that move the upper limbs.

Answer 2

Pectoral or Shoulder girdle

Question 3

This is also known as “collar bones” there are 2 in number; this is slender and s-shaped bones; it articulates s with the sternum medially & scapula laterally; it act as braces & for anchoring muscles

Answer 3

Clavicles

Question 4

This is also known as “shoulder blade”, there are 2 in number; this is thin, triangular flat bones located at the back; it lies on the dorsal surface of the rib cage between ribs 2 & 7

Answer 4

Scapula

Question 5

BORDERS OF SCAPULAE:

This is the shortest and the sharpest border.

Answer 5

Superior border

Question 6

BORDERS OF SCAPULAE:

This is parallel to the vertebral column.

Answer 6

Medial or Vertebral border

Question 7

BORDERS OF SCAPULAE:

This abuts the armpits.

Answer 7

Lateral or axillary border

Question 8

FEATURES OF THE SCAPULA:

This is the superior, lateral, and inferior.

Answer 8

3 angles

Question 9

FEATURES OF THE SCAPULA:

This receives the head f the humerus

Answer 9

Glenoid cavity

Question 10

FEATURES OF THE SCAPULA:

This articulates with the clavicle

Answer 10

Acromion

Question 11

FEATURES OF THE SCAPULA:

This anchors the biceps muscles

Answer 11

Coracoid process

Question 12

This crosses obliquely on the dorsal surface and separates the scapula into 2 fossae.

Answer 12

Scapular spine

Question 13

FOSSAE OF SCAPULAR SPINE:

This is the origin for subscapularis muscle.

Answer 13

Supraspinatous fossae

Question 14

FOSSAE OF SCAPULAR SPINE:

This is where the infraspinatus muscle is located

Answer 14

Infraspinatous fossae

Question 15

This is also known as “arm bone”, there are 2 in number; it is the sole bone of the arm; the largest & longest bone of the upper extremity.

Answer 15

Humerus

Question 16

PARTS OF THE HUMERUS:

This is the head & greater tuberosity, bicipital groove

Answer 16

Proximal end

Question 17

PARTS OF THE HUMERUS:

This is the anatomical and surgical neck

Answer 17

Neck

Question 18

PARTS OF THE HUMERUS:

This is the deltoid tuberosity and radial groove

Answer 18

Shaft

Question 19

PARTS OF THE HUMERUS:

This is the medial & lateral epicondyle, trochlea, capitulum, coronoid & radial fossa

Answer 19

Inferior

Question 20

Together with radius forms the bones of the
forearm; this is the medial forearm bone; it is slightly longer than the radius; it resembles a wrench (bottle opener).

Answer 20

Ulna

Question 21

What are the 2 prominent processes of the ulna?

Answer 21

Olecranon process and coronoid process

Question 22

This is lateral forearm bone; it lies opposite of the ulna; it is thin at the proximal end & wide distally; it forms the radio-carpel joint at the wrist and the radio-ulnar joint at the elbow; features: ulnar notch

Answer 22

Radius

Question 23

There are 8 bones on each hand; it is the proximal part of the hand.

Answer 23

Carpals

Question 24

What are the wrist bones in the proximal row of carpals?

Answer 24

Navicular (scaphoid), lunate, triquetral, and pisiform

Question 25

What are the wrist bones in the distal row of carpals?

Answer 25

Greater multangular (trapezium), lesser multangular (trapezoid), capitate, and hamate

Question 26

This is also known as the "palm bones"; there are 10 in number.

Answer 26

Metacarpals

Question 27

This is also known as the "finger bones"; there are28 in number.

Answer 27

Phalanges

Question 28

How many bones are there in the lower extremities? and what are these?

Answer 28

There are 62 in number and this consists of: hip bone, femur, patella, tibia & fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges

Question 29

This is also known as "hip girdle"; it is formed by the hip bones anteriorly & laterally & sacrum posteriorly; it attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton; it transmits the weight of the upper body to the lower limbs; it supports the visceral organs of the pelvis

Answer 29

Pelvic girdle

Question 30

There are 2 in number of this bone; it is irregular in shape; the fusion of ilium, ischium & pubis

Answer 30

Pelvic or hip bones

Question 31

What are the 3 important features of pelvic bones?

Answer 31

Illiac crest, acetabulum, and ischial tuberosity

Question 32

PARTS OF HIP BONES: This is the edge of the pelvic inlet.

Answer 32

Pelvic brim

Question 33

PARTS OF HIP BONES: This marks the boundary between the greater pelvis and lesser pelvis

Answer 33

Pelvic inlet

Question 34

This is the only bone in the thigh; the largest, longest & strongest bone in the body; main function of it is weight bearing & gait stability; it acts as the site of origin & attachment of many muscles & ligaments

Answer 34

Femur

Question 35

This is also known as the "knee bone"; it is a sesamoid bone; located in the quadriceps tendon; protects the knee & connects the muscles in the front of the thigh to the tibia; it covers & protects the knee joint

Answer 35

Patella

Question 36

This is also known as the "sheen bone"; it is the medial leg bone; it receives the weight of the body from the femur & transmit it to the foot; the second to the femur in size & strength

Answer 36

Tibia

Question 37

This is also known as the "splint bone"; there are 2 in number; it is sticklike bone with slightly expanded ends; lateral leg bone; does not bear weights

Answer 37

Fibula

Question 38

This is also known as the "ankle bones"; there are 14 in number; it supports the body weight; it acts as lever to propel the body forward during walking & running

Answer 38

Tarsarls

Question 39

What are the bones in the tarsarls?

Answer 39

Talus, navicular, cuboid, cuneiform (medial), intermediate (lateral)

Question 40

This is the long bones on each foot.

Answer 40

Metatarsus

Question 41

This plays an important role in supporting body weight.

Answer 41

1st metatarsus

Question 42

This is smaller than those of the fingers; there are 3 phalanges in each digit except the hallux or great toe

Answer 42

Phalanges

Question 43

This is the area of union between 2 or more bones; it is classified based on: material between the bones and degree of movement allowed

Answer 43

Joints (arthroses)

Question 44

This is the bones held together by fibrous connective tissue; it is immovable; it is also called SYNARTHROSES EX: SUTURE

Answer 44

Fibrous joints

Question 45

This is held by cartilage; it is slightly movable; also called AMPHITHROSES EX: SYMPHYSIS PUBIS INTERVERTEBRAL DISK

Answer 45

Cartilagenous joints

Question 46

This is a cavity (synovial cavity) filled with fluids is found between bones; freely movable; also called DIARTHROSES EX: MOST JOINTS IN THE BODYEXTREMITIES

Answer 46

Synovial joints

Question 47

TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS: This allows movement in many different directions. EX: SHOULDER JOINT

Answer 47

Ball and socket joint

Question 48

TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS: This allows movement in one direction EX: ELBOW & KNEE JOINT

Answer 48

Hinge joints

Question 49

TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS: This allows rotation around the length of the bone EX: ATLANTOAXIAL JOINTS

Answer 49

Pivot joint

Question 50

TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS: This allows movement in 2 different directions EX: WRIST JOINT

Answer 50

Condyloid joint

Question 51

TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS: This is like condyloid joint but with deeper articulating surface. EX: CARPOMETACARPAL JOINT OF THE THUMB

Answer 51

Saddle joint

Question 52

TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS: This is when the bones slide over one another EX: CARPAL JOINTS & TARSAL JOINTS

Answer 52

Gliding joint