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CMB2007 - Human Anatomy > Introduction to Anatomy - week 1 > Flashcards

Introduction to Anatomy - week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

define the anatomical position (5 things)

A
  • looking forward
  • standing upright
  • feet flat on the ground and facing forward
  • palms facing outward
  • arms either side of body
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2
Q

the anterior view is looking from the ………

A

front

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3
Q

the posterior view is looking from the……

A

back

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4
Q

which anatomical plane divides the body into a superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portion?

A

transverse/horizontal plane

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5
Q

which anatomical plane divides the body into left and right portions? (note - doesn’t have to divide the body down the exact midline)

A

sagittal plane

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6
Q

which anatomical plane, in the EXACT midline of the body, divides the body into equal left and right portions?

A

median plane

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7
Q

which anatomical plane divides the body into an anterior (front) and a posterior (behind) portion?

A

coronal plane

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8
Q

what is another way of saying “superior”?

what is the meaning of this?

A

cranial

nearer to the head

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9
Q

what is another way of saying inferior?

what is the meaning of this term?

A

caudal

nearer to feet

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10
Q

what is another way of saying anterior (front)?

A

ventral

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11
Q

what is another way of saying posterior (behind)?

A

dorsal

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12
Q

if something is MEDIAL, that means it is nearer to the ……… plane?

A

median

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13
Q

if something is LATERAL, is it closer or further from the median plane?

A

further

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14
Q

remembering the anatomical position, on which side of the hand is the little finger (fifth digit)?

A

medial (closer to median plane)

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15
Q

remembering the anatomical position, on which side of the hand is the thumb (first digit)?

A

lateral side (as it is further from the median plane)

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16
Q

which anatomical term is used to describe something which is nearer to the trunk or point of origin, e.g a limb?

A

proximal

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17
Q

which anatomical term is used to describe something which is farther from the trunk or point of origin?

A

distal

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18
Q

what is the anatomical term used to describe the dorsal (back) part of the hand or foot?

A

dorsum

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19
Q

where are veins visible on the hands/feet?

A

the dorsum (back)

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20
Q

the palm of the hand is also known as the ……. surface?

A

palmar

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21
Q

the sole of the foot is the ……. surface of the foot?

A

plantar

22
Q

if two things are described as CONTRALATERAL, what does it mean in terms of the median plane?

A

they are on opposite sides of the median plane

23
Q

if two things are described as IPSILATERAL, what does this mean in terms of the median plane?

A

they are on the SAME side of the median plane

24
Q

the liver and the right hand are what?

A

ipsilateral

25
Q

the spleen and the right hand are what?

A

contralateral

26
Q

where do you draw the midaxillary line?

which anatomical plane is perpendicular to the midaxillary line?

A

from the end of the clavicle, down through the middle of the armpit

the transverse/horizontal plane

27
Q

at which vertebrae does the transpyloric plane fall horizontally across?

A

L1

28
Q

state the number of vertebrae in each of the sections of the spine (going from superior to inferior)

A

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
4 coccygeal

29
Q

which three regions is the trunk of the body split into?

A

throracic cavity, abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

30
Q

what is the name of the opening at th e top of the thoracic cage?

A

superior thoracic aperture/inlet

31
Q

where is the superior boundary of the thorax?

A

the superior thoracic inlet/aperture

32
Q

what is the inferior boundary of the thorax?

A

diaphragm (which fills the inferior thoracic aperture)

33
Q

what is the posterior boundary of the thorax?

A

T1-12 (thoracic vertebrae)

34
Q

what is the anterior boundary of the thorax?

A

costal cartilage and sternum

35
Q

in a transverse cross section of the thoracic cavity, what sits medially?

what is the area/what sits either side?

A

the mediastinum

lungs and pleural cavities

36
Q

the abdomen extends from the…….. superiorly to the ………. ligaments

and to the ……….. inferiorly

A

diaphragm, inguinal

pelvic brim

37
Q

in the nine quadrant abdominal model, name the regions going from top to bottom on the right/left sides

A

top: hypochondrium, flank, iliac fossa

38
Q

in the nine quadrant abdominal model, name the regions going from top to bottom down the centre

A

epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric/suprapubic

39
Q

which three bones is the pelvis made up of?

which bone articulates with the sacrum (part of the vertebral column) POSTERIORLY?

A

ilium, ischium, pubis

ilium articulates with sacrum

40
Q

which subdivision of the pelvis lies between the 2 large ilium bones?

A

the greater (false) pelvis

41
Q

which subdivision of the pelvis is deep to the pubic bone and inferior to the pelvic inlet?

A

the lesser (true) pelvis

42
Q

through which bone does the upper limb attach to the axial skeleton?

A

scapula

43
Q

name the 5 sets of joints in the wrist and hand

A

radio-carpal joint (wrist)
midcarpal joint
carpo-metacarpal joint
metacarpo-phalangeal joint
interphalangeal joint

44
Q

which arm bone, radius or ulna, connects with the fifth digit (pinky) on each hand?

A

ulna

45
Q

name the 4 major functions of the skeleton

A

protection of major organs
mechanical basis for movement
haemopoeisis (in marrow)
storage of salts in bone

46
Q

all bones in the body have a uperficial, thin layer of which type of mature/haversian bone?

what does this provide?

A

compact

strength

47
Q

which type of mature bone forms the core of most bones?

A

spongy

48
Q

why is spongy bone less dense?

A

has medullary cavities filled with marrow = lighter bones

49
Q

name the 3 types of cartilage

A

fibro (articular joints)
hyaline (trachea)
elastic (ear)

50
Q

define osteomalacia

A

soft bones, caused by vitamin D deficiency

51
Q

what is osteoporosis characterised by a decrease in?

what doesn’t change?

A

bone mass and bone strength

proportion of calcified : uncalcified bone does NOT change

CMB2007 - Human Anatomy (9 decks)

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