Introduction to Central Nervous System

Question 1

What plane of section is this?

parallel to vertical plane and section divides brain into anterior and posterior halves

Answer 1

Coronal

Question 2

What plane of section is this?

parallel to vertical plane but section divides brain into right and left halves

Answer 2

Sagittal

Question 3

What plane of section is this?

parallel to horizontal plane and section divides brain into superior and inferior halves

Answer 3

Horiztonal/axial

Question 4

What are the parts of the cerebrum

Answer 4

• 2 cerebral hemispheres
• diencephalon

Question 5

What is this structure?

• covers entire surface of cerebral hemisphere
• composed of gray matter
• highly folded producing (gyri) ridges and sulci (grooves)
• processes sensory, motor and memory information
• site for reasoning, language, nonverbal communication, intelligence and personality
• different areas are specialized to perform variety of functions

Answer 5

Cerebral cortex

Question 6

What lobe is this?

thoughts planning, decisions, actions, personality, emotion, motivation, initiatve, judgement, concentration, social inhibitions, speech and motor

Answer 6

Frontal lobe

Question 7

What lobe is this?

sensation and perception including location and context of sensory inputs, spatial orientation and certain aspects of language

Answer 7

Parietal lobe

Question 8

What lobe is this?

processing visual information

Answer 8

Occipital lobe

Question 9

What lobe is this?

processing auditory information, language and certain complex functions like memory

Answer 9

Temporal Lobe

Question 10

What lobe is this?

not a discrete lobe; combines frontal, parietal and temporal lobe; processes learning, memory and emotion

Answer 10

Limbic lobe

Question 11

What lobe is this?

deep to lateral sulcus, processing and integration of taste sensation, visceral and pain sensation and vesitbular functions

Answer 11

Insular lobe

Question 12

What seperates frontal and parietal lobes

Answer 12

Central sulcus

Question 13

What seperates frontal and parietal lobe from temporal lobe

Answer 13

Lateral sulcus

Question 14

What seperates occipital lobe from parietal lobe

Answer 14

Parieto-occipital sulcus

Question 15

What seperates 2 cerebral hemispheres

Answer 15

Longitudinal fissure

Question 16

What is anterior to central sulcus; primary motor area

Answer 16

Precentral gyrus

Question 17

What is posterior to central sulcus; primary sensory areas

Answer 17

Postcentral gyrus

Question 18

What relays motor and sensory information to cerebral cortex; processes emotional and some memory information, integrate sensation and regulate consciousness, arousal, and attention

Answer 18

Thalamus

Question 19

What is functionally part of limbic system; coordinates and integrates endocrine, autonomic and homeostatic functions

Answer 19

Hypothalamus

Question 20

What is pineal gland which influences secretion of other endocrine glands (pituitary and adrenal)

Answer 20

Epithalamus

Question 21

What is modulating and integrating motor-activity movement and muscle tone

Answer 21

Subthalamus

Question 22

What are these structures a part of?

• Thalamus
• Hypothalamus
• Epithalamus
• Subthalamus

Answer 22

Diencephalon

Question 23

What is group of interconnected, integrating gray matter nuclei found deep within cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon and midbrain under cortical layer

Answer 23

Basal Ganglia

Question 24

Where are these structures?

• caudate
• putamen
• globus pallidus

Answer 24

Nuceli deep within cerebral hemisphere

Question 25

# Where is this structure? Subthalamic nucleus

Answer 25

Nucleus in diencephalon

Question 26

# Where is this structure? Substansia nigra

Answer 26

nucleus in midbrain

Question 27

# What has this role? initation and control of voluntary movements, social and goal oriented behavior and emotions

Answer 27

Basal ganglia nuclei

Question 28

# What is this structure? - emotional learning and memory - fear - reward

Answer 28

Amygdala

Question 29

# What is this structure - learning - memory formation and retrieval - part of declaritative memory system (facts) - site of adult neurogenesis

Answer 29

Hippocampus

Question 30

# What fiber is this? - connects cortical regions within the same hemisphere - superior longitudinal fasiculus

Answer 30

Assocation fibers

Question 31

# What fiber is this? - reciprocally connect areas of cortex in one area with corresponding area of the opposite area - corpus callosum connects the two cerebral hemispheres

Answer 31

Commissural fibers

Question 32

# What fiber is this? - Project to and from cortex - corona radiata and internal capsule

Answer 32

Projection fibers

Question 33

What is connected to diencephalon rostorally, cerebellum dorsally and spinal cord caudally

Answer 33

Brainstem

Question 34

What conveys ascending and descending information between brain and spinal cord, integrates information and regulates vital function

Answer 34

Brainstem

Question 35

# What has the following functions - contain postural and locomotion - perception and modulation of pain - regulates cardiovascular and respiratory functions - sensory and motor information of face and neck - regulates consciousness - sleep/wake cycle - basic functions of taste, eating, hearing, balance and vision

Answer 35

Brainstem

Question 36

# What has the following structures? - cerebral penducles - superior and infeiror colliculi - substansia nigra - periaqueductal gray - red nucleus - CN III and IV nuclei - locus coerleus - pedunclopontine nucles - ventral legmentum

Answer 36

Midbrain

Question 37

# What has the following structures? - cerebellar pundcles - pontine nuclei - CN V - VIII nuclei

Answer 37

Pons

Question 38

# What has the following structures? - medullary pyramids - inferior olives - fasciulus gracilis and cuneatus - nucelus gracilis and cuneaus - CN IX - XII nuclei - cardiovascular and respiratory regulation centers

Answer 38

Medulla

Question 39

What integrates information to produce smooth movement, motor planning and learning

Answer 39

Cerebellum

Question 40

What carries information to and from cerebellum

Answer 40

Cerebellar peduncles

Question 41

What has gross limb movement

Answer 41

spinocerebellum

Question 42

What has precise distal voluntary movements

Answer 42

cerebrocerebellum (motor portion)

Question 43

What regulates equilibrium

Answer 43

Vestibulocerebellum

Question 44

What has L2-5 nerve roots, travel down before exiting vertebral canal

Answer 44

Cauda equina

Question 45

What is region of spinal cord occupied by one pair of spinal nerve roots belonging to one pair of corresponding spinal nerves

Answer 45

Spinal cord segment

Question 46

# What region is this? - 8 segments and pairs of spinal nerves that supply head, neck and UE's

Answer 46

Cervical

Question 47

# what region is this? - 12 segments and pairs of spinal nerves that supply trunk

Answer 47

Thoracic

Question 48

# What region is this? - 5 segments and pairs of spinal nerves that supply LE's

Answer 48

Lumbar

Question 49

# What region is this? 5 pairs of sacral spinal nerves supply the bowels, bladder, and genetallia

Answer 49

Sacral/coccygeal

Question 50

What horn has sensory information

Answer 50

Dorsal horns

Question 51

What horn has autonomic information and is present only at T1 - L2 spinal segments

Answer 51

Lateral horn

Question 52

What horn has motor information

Answer 52

Ventral horn

Question 53

what contains axons of tract cells, transmitting sensory information to the brain?

Answer 53

Dorsal and Lateral columns

Question 54

What contains axons of upper motor neurons, conveying information descending from brain to interneurons and lower motor neurons

Answer 54

Lateral and Ventral columns

Question 55

What supports and cushions and regulates extracellular environment

Answer 55

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Question 56

What is located in cerebral hemisphere; connected to each other and third ventricle via intraventricular foramen

Answer 56

lateral ventricles

Question 57

What is located at narrow slit in diencehphalon

Answer 57

Third ventricle

Question 58

What connects third and fourth ventricle

Answer 58

cerebral aqaduct

Question 59

What is located posterior to pons and medulla and anterior to cerebellum; CSF flows from here to 2 lateral foramina of Luschka and medial foramen of Magende

Answer 59

Fourth ventricle

Question 60

What is outermost layer of Meninges

Answer 60

Dura mater

Question 61

What separates cerebral hemispheres

Answer 61

Falx cerebri

Question 62

What separates cerebellum from cerebral hemispheres

Answer 62

Tentorium cerebeli

Question 63

What is the delicate middle layer; has projections that from arachnoid vili

Answer 63

Arachnoid mater

Question 64

What protrudes into venous sinuses and responsible fro reabsorption of CSF

Answer 64

Arachnoid vili

Question 65

What is formed by clusters of arachnoid vili

Answer 65

Arachnoid granulation

Question 66

What is innermost layer, tightly attached to surface of brain and spinal cord

Answer 66

Pia mater

Question 67

What is formed between pia mater and arachnoid; real space

Answer 67

Subarachnoid space

Question 68

What is a potential space between dura and the skull

Answer 68

Epidural space

Question 69

What is potential space between arachnoid and dura

Answer 69

Subdural space

Question 70

What is blood supply to cerebellum

Answer 70

internal carotid artery

Question 71

What is blood supply to occipital and inferior temporal lobes and brainstem and cerebellar regions

Answer 71

vertebral artery

Question 72

What is blood supply of most of pons and cerebellum

Answer 72

basilar artery

Question 73

What is anatomic rig of 9 arteries that provide cerebral hemisphere blood supply

Answer 73

Circle of Willis