Introduction to Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy Flashcards
Who wrote “The Natural History of Animals”?
Aristotle
Who wrote the “Systema Naturae”
Linnaeus
Who wrote the “Theory of Evolution”
Lamarck
Who created the first textbook for comparative anatomy of organ systems for vertebrates and invertebrates
Cuvier
Who recognized animals with “red-blood” cells as vertebrates. This person also compared structure, reproduction, and behavior of a wide variety of animals?
Aristole
Who created the first zoological classification system?
Linnaeus
Who recongized vertebrates as their own group and compared them to invertebrates?
Lamarck
What is homolgy?
a “sameness” seen in between different species
Give examples of homology
- wings of eagles and hummingbirds. This is because they are structurally similar.
- wing of a eagles and the forelimbs of a human. This is because the bone structure of the forelimbs and wings are similar therefore, the difference of function is irrelevant.
- If you looked at the wings of a fly and the wings of the bird you would know that the function is similar but the structures are different therefore this is not an example of homology but an example of analogous structures.
What are the main areas of research in comparative anatomy?
- Descriptive morphology
- Paleontology
- 3D reconstruction and MicroCT
- Developmental Morphology
- Functional Morphology
Are all synapomorphies (shared derived features) homologies
Yes
Are all homologies synapomorphies?
No
In pre-Darwinian times, how did Cuvier explain homology?
Similarity of function
In pre-Darwinian times, how did Geoffroy St. Hilaire explain homology?
- Unity of Type
- Homologous structures
In pre-Darwinian times, how did Owen explain homology?
- Archetypes, universal blueprints that all animal body plans fall under.
