Introduction To Genetics Of Animals

Question 1

Alleles

Answer 1

Each version of a gene

Question 2

Captive Animals

Answer 2

Animals held in captivity by humans and prevented from escaping

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

Chemical instructions for building proteins

Question 4

Genetics

Answer 4

The study of variation and heredity in living organisms

Question 5

Genetic Diversity

Answer 5

A measure of how many different versions of genes exist across a genome among individuals in a population and how frequently they occur

Question 6

Genotype

Answer 6

The genetic constitution of an individual organisms

Question 7

Domestication

Answer 7

The process where a population is changed at the genetic level through generations of selective breeding that ultimately benefits humans

Question 8

Domestic Animals

Answer 8

Any animal that has been domesticated by humans

Question 9

Evolution

Answer 9

The change in heritable traits of populations over generations of time

Question 10

Heterozygous

Answer 10

Alleles are different (Bb)

Question 11

Homozygous

Answer 11

Alleles are the same (BB or bb)

Question 12

Locus

Answer 12

Physical location of gene on chromosome

Question 13

Phenotype

Answer 13

An observable category or measurable level of performance for a trait in an individual

Question 14

Plasticity

Answer 14

The ability of individual genotypes to produce different phenotypes when exposed to different environmental conditions

Question 15

Population

Answer 15

A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same geographic area and interbreed with each other

Question 16

Trait

Answer 16

An observable or measurable characteristic of an individual

Question 17

Wild Animal

Answer 17

All organisms that grow or live in the wild in an area without being introduced humans or any undomesticated animal

Question 18

Diploid cell

Answer 18

Two versions of each gene

Question 19

Domestic animal classes

Answer 19

1. Commensals
2. Prey
3. Draft and no food resources

Question 20

Commensals

Answer 20

Adapted to human niche, mainly pets

Question 21

Prey

Answer 21

Prey animals used for food and other resources like eggs, milk, meat, etc.

Question 22

Draft and Nonfood Animals

Answer 22

Animals domesticated for use like showing, racing, working, etc.

Question 23

Who gets domesticated?

Answer 23

Animals that are…
1. Friendly
2. Feedable
3. Fecundity
4. Families

Question 24

What kind of feedable animals do we use for domestication?

Answer 24

Animals that are herbivores mainly, and can eat foods that are in abundance

Question 25

Fecundity

Answer 25

Animals ability to grow and reproduce

Question 26

Why do we want animals that are in families?

Answer 26

So they are easier to keep together if using them for things like milk, meat, fiber

Question 27

Why would humans hold animals captive?

Answer 27

1. Conservation 2. Studies 3. Farming 4. Exotics

Question 28

What impacts phenotypes?

Answer 28

1. Genotype 2. Environment

Question 29

What does evolution depend on?

Answer 29

1. Species 2. Natural or artificial selection 3. Reproductive transmission/technology 4. Organism 5. Genetic variation 6. Environment

Question 30

A population cannot evolve to adapt to environmental changes without what?

Answer 30

Genetic diversity

Question 31

Biodiversity is variation in…

Answer 31

1. Ecosystems 2. Species 3. Populations within species 4. Genetic diversity within species

Question 32

Why is biodiversity important?

Answer 32

1. Fast recovery from natural disasters 2. Maintains food chains 3. Maintains genetic diversity 4. Maintains ecosystem balance 5. Protects natural resources 6. Good health of living beings 7. Provision of food resources for humans 8. Promotes soil formation 9. Overall sustainability and growth

Question 33

When is genetic diversity high?

Answer 33

When there are many different alleluia forms of all genes and when there are many different combinations expressed across the species

Question 34

What does Decreased genetic diversity led to?

Answer 34

1. Increased inbreeding 2. Decreased reproductive fitness 3. Increased rate of extinction 4. Decreased biodiversity

Question 35

10 ways to use genetics in conservation efforts…

Answer 35

1. Reduce inbreeding 2. ID at risk species or populations 3. Resolve fragmented structures 4. Resolve taxonomical uncertainty 5. Define management within a species 6. Detect hybridization 7. Non intrusive sampling 8. Define sites for reintroduction 9. Forensic investigations 10. Understanding species biology