Introduction To Graphic Design Flashcards by Chandler Abel

Using the kerning tables that are built into the typeface is called…

Metric Kerning

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Unintended spaces in the forming of words or sentences is called…

Bad Kerning

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What is adjusting the space between two individual letters called?

Kerning

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What type of typography is subtle and doesn’t draw attention to itself?

Invisible & Silent Typography

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What do you call type for images that are a more expressive art form with different rules?

Visible & Narrative Typography

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Name the 8 font families:

1) Italic 2) Condensed 3) Extended 4) Thin 5) Light 6) Regular 7) Bold 8) Heavy

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What typeface is good for wedding invitations?

Script Type

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What type of san serif is good for combinations with other typefaces?

Slab Serifs

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What is a grotesque/gothic typeface that is good for diversity and branding?

San Serif Typeface

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What typeface was developed because of technical limitations?

Transitional Typefaces (New Times Roman)

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What type of style are the font types “Garamond” and “Huflar Text”?

Old Style or Humanist

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What file format works best with both print or digital?

Open Type (.otf)

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What file format can you trust to work really well digitally?

True Type (.ttf)

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What is an older file format that works well for print?

Post Script (.pfd .pfm .afm)

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What type of kerning is executed automatically by the layout program?

Optical Kerning

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What type of kerning creates rhythm and consistency between letters manually?

Manual Kerning

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What is tracking or letter spacing?

Adjusting the overall spacing of a group of letters

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Adjusting the space between the lines of text is called:

Leading

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How many characters that can fit into one line is called:

Line Length (optimal 35 - 60 characters)

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What is the proper spacing between columns called?

Gutter

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What is used to join words and to separate syllables of a single word?

Hyphen

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What is used to connect two items (usually numbers) that designate a range?

En Dash

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What is used in places where a set of parentheses or a colon might otherwise be used?

Em Dash

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What breaks space or time into regular units and establishes a system for arranging content within the space of the page, screen, or built environment?

A Grid System

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Who was the founder of modern Typography?

Jan Tschichold

Who did a lot of math-based design and calculated everything he did?

Josef Muller-Brockmann

Who was one of the first designers to do away with grids to create unmatched complex and flexible variations?

Karl Gerstner

What type of grid provides you with sections on a page for a guideline?

Modular Grid

What units of measurement provide contrast and dynamic asymmetrical balance?

Thirds

Who is considered the father of graphic design?

Johannes Gutenberg

What machine was significant for the 19th Century Industrial revolution?

Linotype Machine

What movement was a reaction to the eclectic products of the industrial revolution and advocated for handmade objects and personal style?

Arts & Crafts Movement (1880-1910)

What style is recognized by its irregular organic shapes and ornamentations inspired by nature and the human body?

Art Nouveau (1890 - 1910)

What style came about from the taste of ornamentation, decoration and fashion changing?

Modernism (1900 - 1970)

What art style paused innovative graphic design and replaced it with propaganda?

Cubism (1907 - 1914)

What art style was characterized as "anti-art" that could not be understood?

Dadaism (1916-1923)

What is an art style that was viewed as effective, intentional, clean, direct and only used three colors?

Constructivism (1919-1930)

What art style is simple beauty that everyone can appreciate and was mostly created by fine artists from the Netherlands?

Dee Stijl (1917-1931)

Name the art school in Germany that was famous for the approach to design it publicized and taught:

Bauhaus (1919-1933)

What professor at Bauhaus had a focus on photography and established the "School of Design" in Chicago?

Laszlo Moholy Nagy

What modernist movement allowed purely decorative design?

Art Deco (1925-1939)

What years did the creative revolution take place?

1950-1970

Who is considered the most famous graphic designer from the creative revolution?

Paul Rand

What style of art are designs created from existing products or items?

Pop Art (1955-1980)

What art style developed from people who were sick of the rules?

Psychedelia (1958-1975)

What art style rebels against the idea of fixed values and objective truth?

Post Modernism (1970-2000)

What is the most obvious characteristic of color called?

Hue

Saturation is what?

The purity of a color

The lightness or darkness of a color is determined by what?

It's value

CMYK: Meaning and Use

Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key (FOR PRINT)

RGB: Meaning and use

Red, Green, Blue (DIGITAL)

What color model does the color wheel use?

RYB color model

What is the RGB mixture for yellow?

255 255 0

What is the RGB mixture for Magenta?

255 0 255

What is the RGB color mixture for Cyan?

0 255 255

What is the hex code for white?

FFFFFF

What is the hex code for Black?

000000

What is the hex code for red?

FF0000

What is the hex code for Green?

00FF00

What is the hex code for Blue?

0000FF

CMYK are mixed on a scale from __ to ___

1 to 100

RGB colors are mixed on a scale from ____ to ____

0 to 255

What is any flat color (pantone or printed) that isn't made up of CMYK?

Spot Color

What refers to the visual structure and organization of elements within design?

Composition

Elements and objects that are perceived as having a relationship when grouped together is called:

Law of Proximity

Elements and objects that share visual characteristics are perceived as belonging together is what?

The law of Similarity

Objects are perceived as being whole even when they are not complete is called:

The law of Closure

The relationship between an object and its surroundings is called:

Figure/Ground

A special number approximately equal to 1.618 that appears many times in mathematics, geometry, art, architecture is called:

The golden ratio

List the number sequence for Fibonacci Sequence.

0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34

What are 5 aspects of Gutenburg's Diagram

Primary Optical Area (headline) Strong Fallow Area Axis of Orientation Weak Fallow Area (Weak information) Terminal Area (Dead point)

What is the point of physical or attentional entry into a design called?

Entry Point

What is the most common form of printing combined with digital printing that is based on the principle that water and oil do not mix?

Offset Lithography

What is it called when digitally produced printing plates are treated chemically so that the image/text will accept ink and reject water?

Pre-Press

What is the surface accepting ink called?

Hydrophobic (Print Surface)

What is the surface accepting water called?

Hydrophilic (Non-print Surface)

What is the process of a plate picking up ink from ink rollers, and transferring its image to a rubber offset cylinder that prints the image on the paper called?

A Press Run

LPI stands for:

Lines per inch

Best image quality in printing is achieved when the resolution of the image is _____ __ ______ as the lines per inch it should be printed in.

Twice as high.

What truly determines the size of an image?

The number of pixels

What type of printing reproduces documents through a process of toner-based electro-photography?

Digital Printing

List the characteristics of Offset Printing:

- Uses printing plates - Used for large quantities - Low unit price - High startup cost - 4-color + Pantone colors - Large selection of paper

List the characteristics of Digital Printing:

- Advanced laser printer - For smaller editions - Faster delivery - Good for variable data - 4-color print only

A folded and trimmed imposition is called a:

Signature

When pages are not printed together they are called:

False Spreads

What refers to how much text or image on the overleaf page can be masked?

Opacity

What is an operation that facilities the folding operation?

Creasing

What year was the Linotype machine invented?

1884

What is the time period for the Arts and Crafts movement?

1880 - 1910

What is the time period for the Art Nouveau movement?

1890 - 1910

What time period was the modernism movement?

1900-1970

What time period was Bauhaus?

1919 - 1933

What time period was Functionalism?

1920 - 1940

What time period was the Art Deco movement?

1925 - 1939

What is the CMYK mixture for blue?

100/100/0/0

What is the CMYK mixture for green?

100/0/100/0

What is the CMYK mixture for red?

0/100/100/0

Denotation is...

The explicit or direct meaning of something or what is actually written or pictured. In this case, the actual color

Connotation is...

The associated suggested or implied meaning of something, rather than what is being explicitly pictured or described.

Colors are perceived differently depending on the...

Context