Introduction to Infectious Diseases

Question 1

Localization of pus (polys or segmented neutrophils) in a walled off area

Answer 1

Abscess

Question 2

Infection w/ sudden onset and usually shorter duration

Answer 2

Acute infection

Question 3

Presence of bacteria in the blood

Answer 3

Bacteremia

Question 4

Bacteria “just passing through” blood, temporary such as in brushing teeth/bowel movements

Answer 4

Transient bacteremia

Question 5

Bacteremia w/ multiplication of bacteria and host signs/symptoms

Answer 5

Septicemia (sepsis)

Question 6

Host harboring a pathogen w/o manifesting symptoms (can transmit)

Answer 6

Carriers (carrier state)

Question 7

Involvement and spreads b/w layers of subcutaneous tissues

Answer 7

Cellulitis

Question 8

Long standing infection

Answer 8

Chronic infection

Question 9

Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, GA)

Answer 9

CDC

Question 10

Population of a body site w/ microorganisms that are not causing disease

Answer 10

Colonization

Question 11

One benefits but no harm to other

Answer 11

Commensal

Question 12

Spread of infection to distant sites

Answer 12

Dissemination

Question 13

Accumulation of fluid in tissues due to increased vascularization (swelling)

Answer 13

Edema

Question 14

Disease or organism indigenous to a certain geographic area

Answer 14

Endemic

Question 15

Infection from hosts own flora (peritonitis, UTI, etc.)

Answer 15

Endogenous infection

Question 16

Disease affecting large number of people in a geographical area

Answer 16

Epidemic

Question 17

Redness (increased blood flow to area)

Answer 17

Erythema

Question 18

agent acquired from outside host’s body

Answer 18

Exogenous infection

Question 19

“Usual”, “normal”, indigenous, frequently found in that body site in healthy individuals

Answer 19

Flora

Question 20

Chronic inflammation w/ collection (mass) of macrophages, usually forming small nodules

Answer 20

Granuloma

Question 21

Occurs as a result of medical procedure (urine catheterization, transplant, etc.)

Answer 21

Iatrogenic infection

Question 22

Ability to penetrate and grow in tissues (may be local or disseminated)

Answer 22

Invasion

Question 23

Number of cases of a disease

Answer 23

Morbidity

Question 24

Number of deaths caused by disease

Answer 24

Mortality

Question 25

Cell/tissue death, usually caused by enzymes or restriction of blood flow

Answer 25

Necrosis

Question 26

Hospital acquired

Answer 26

Nosocomial

Question 27

Cause disease only if host is compromised

Answer 27

Opportunistic pathogen

Question 28

One organism benefits at expense of another (small % of bacteria are parasitic)

Answer 28

Parasite

Question 29

Capable of causing disease

Answer 29

Pathogen (pathogenic) or virulent

Question 30

Ingestion by WBC

Answer 30

Phagocytosis

Question 31

Both benefit

Answer 31

Symbiotic

Question 32

Ability to cause disease

Answer 32

Virulence

Question 33

Acquired from contact w/ animals

Answer 33

Zoonotic

Question 34

What types of behavior by humans cause infectious disease?

Answer 34

Overcrowding, trade practices, travel, domestication of animals, and sexual practices

Question 35

Old infections w/ new concerns

Answer 35

Tuberculosis, syphilis, Black Plague, influenza, anthrax, small pox

Question 36

Infectious diseases ____ leading cause of death in the US and were #1 until this year

Answer 36

Third

Question 37

List "new"infectious diseases

Answer 37

AIDS, Legionnaires Disease, Lyme Disease, Toxic Shock, Ebola, SARS, West Nile, Swine Flu, Hep B, Hep C, Hanta Fever, Resistant and multiresistant (MRSA, VRE, Malaria), and immunocompromised patient infections from normal flora

Question 38

3 chronic diseases that have been associated w/ infectious disease

Answer 38

Helicobacter pylori, Human Papillmavirus, Hepatitis C

Question 39

Associated condition w/ Helicobacter pylori

Answer 39

Cause of peptic ulcers

Question 40

Associated organism/cause of HPV

Answer 40

Cervical cancer, throat cancer

Question 41

Associated cause of Hep C

Answer 41

Liver carcinoma

Question 42

Associated cause of West Nile Virus

Answer 42

Poliomyelitis-like paralysis

Question 43

3 elements involved in the "triad of infectious diseases"

Answer 43

Infectious agent, host, and environment

Question 44

6 bacterial virulence factors

Answer 44

Toxins, invasiveness, capsules, certain Ags, adherence, and enzymes/hemolysins

Question 45

A protein liberated by intact organisms, GP and GN bacteria, heat labile, some converted to toxoids (inactive form)

Answer 45

Exotoxins

Question 46

Lipopolysaccharide liberated by lysing cells (antibiotic alert), primarily GN bacteria, healt stable, produce fever, shock, DIC, no antitoxins are produced against these, inside cell

Answer 46

Endotoxins

Question 47

1st line of defense in host resistance

Answer 47

Skin

Question 48

4 host resistance factors

Answer 48

Physical barriers, usual flora space and nutrient competition, cleansing mechanisms, immune defenses

Question 49

Which organism is able to survive and multiply intracellularly?

Answer 49

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 50

Susceptible to infections w/ opportunistic pathogens

Answer 50

Immunodeficient hosts

Question 51

Immunodeficiency may be due to,,,,list

Answer 51

Genetics, diet (starvation), drugs (steroids, chemo, antibiotics), cancer, disease (AIDS, diabetes), newborn, elderly, or pregnancy

Question 52

Routes of transmission (list 6)

Answer 52

Air (inhalation), food and water (ingestion), close contact (salivary, skin, sexual), cuts and bites (human vs. animal), anthropods (tick, flea), zoonoses (contact w/ animals)

Question 53

Areas w/ usual flora that begin at birth

Answer 53

Skin, mouth, upper respiratory tract, intestines, vagina

Question 54

Areas taht are normally sterile, no usual flora

Answer 54

Blood, CSF, joint fluids, organs, tissues not exposed to outside, upper respiratory tract and genital tract, lower respiratory tract

Question 55

All organisms can be pathogenic in ____ areas

Answer 55

Sterile

Question 56

These organisms are considered "usual flora" in certain areas

Answer 56

Commensals

Question 57

How can you prevent the spread of infectious diseases?

Answer 57

HANDWASHING, vaccines, public health measures (sanitation of food and H2O, animal vector control, education)