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Pathophys Block II > Introduction to Laboratory Medicine > Flashcards

Introduction to Laboratory Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

gold standard

A

most accurate measure

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2
Q

narrative result

A

descriptive value (e.g. path report)

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3
Q

qualitative result

A

yes/no, positive/negative

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4
Q

quantitative result

A

numeric value

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5
Q

reference interval

A

range of “normal” values, varies from hospital to hospital

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6
Q

prevalence

A

number of disease cases in a population

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7
Q

incidence

A

number of new cases w/i a specific time period
(divided by)
size of the population initially at risk

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8
Q

sensitivity general equation

A

TP/(TP+FN)

number of patients w/ disease and positive test
divided by
number of patients w/ disease

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9
Q

specificity general equation

A

TN/(TN+FP)

number of patients w/o disease and a negative test
divided by
number of patients w/o disease

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10
Q

precision

A

how reproducible the results are w/ repeat testing of same specimen

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11
Q

accuracy

A

how closely results correspond to the gold standarad

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12
Q

sensitivity

A

percentage of persons w/ disease who have a positive test result (use to RULE OUT the disease)

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13
Q

specificity

A

percentage of persons w/o disease who have a negative test result (used to RULE IN the disease)

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14
Q

likelihood ratio positive

A

probability of TP/probability of FP

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15
Q

likelihood ratio negative

A

probability of TN/probability of FN

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16
Q

LR+ equation

A

sensitivity/(1-specificity)

17
Q

LR- equation

A

(1-sensitivity)/specificity

**LR- equation, the subtraction is in the numerator

18
Q

LR>1

A

indicates the test result is associated w/ the disease

19
Q

PPV

A

percentage of TP persons

TP/(TP+FP) x 100

20
Q

NPV

A

percentage of TN persons

TN/(TN+FN) x 100

21
Q

pre-test probability

A

probability of a patient having a disease before a diagnostic test result is known, has to do w/ pt. demographics

22
Q

post-test probability

A

proportion of pts testing positive who actually have the disease

23
Q

what are the three phases of laboratory tests?

A
  1. preanalytical (most errors occur in this phase)
  2. analytical (fewest errors in this phase)
  3. postanalytical (some errors)

Pathophys Block II (8 decks)

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