Introduction to Neoplasia Flashcards Preview

Week 64: Prostate Cancer and BPH > Introduction to Neoplasia > Flashcards

Flashcards in Introduction to Neoplasia Deck (9)
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1
Q

Benefits of PSA screening

A
Simple, reproducible
More Sn and Sp than DRE alone
Early diagnosis and treatment may increase survival/progression
Low cost
Better for monitoring
2
Q

Risks of PSA screening

A

False positives and negatives

Side effects of treatment may be unnecessary if cancer does not affect life expectancy

3
Q

What is the gold standard for prostate cancer diagnosis?

A

Needle biopsy

Guided by a transrectal ultrasound

4
Q

TMN cancer staging

A

T: tumor (based on size/location/depth)
N: nodal involvement
M: metastasis (as soon as there are any M it is a stage 4)

5
Q

Regional node metastases

A

Nodes in the neighbourhood, would usually be removed with primary at time of surgery
The lymph nodes that are directly draining the tissue where the malignancy is found

6
Q

What is the most common surgery for prostate cancer?

A

Radical prostatectomy

7
Q

Brachytherapy

A

Internal radiation therapy
Radioactive material is placed right into or adjacent to the tumor
Can be temporary or permanent
Alone its used mainly for low-risk and intermediate-risk prostate cancer
Can combine with external beam radiation for high risk prostate cancer

8
Q

Androgen deprivation therapy side effects

A

Hot flashes, loss of libido, fatigue, weight gain, loss of muscle mass, gynecomastia, osteoporosis, increased CV disease, depression

9
Q

Castration resistant prostate cancer

A

Prostate cancer that becomes refractory to ADT

Usually occurs withint 12-18 mon