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INTERGRATED THEORY > Introduction to Oral Lesions > Flashcards

Introduction to Oral Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the following normal variations in the oral cavity:
Fordyce granules

Melanin pigmentation

Linea alba

Fissured tongue

Exostoses

Torus palatinus

Mandibular torus

Less common:
Retrocuspid papilla

Amalgam tattoo

Hairy tongue

Geographic tongue

Varicosities

Hemoangioma

Leukodema

Lingual thyroid

A

Fordyce granules
* Small sebaceous glands on the buccal mucosa

Melanin pigmentation
* Duh

Linea alba
* Keratinised tissue that is inline with the occlusal plane, running from the last molar to the labial commissure

Fissured tongue
* Fissured tongue on the lingual surface

Exostoses
* Bone growth on the alveolar ridges on the maxilla and mandible

Torus palatinus and mandibular torus
* Bone growths in palate and mandible

Less common:
Retrocuspid papilla
* Small elevated nodules mostly behind the lower canines

Amalgam tattoo

Hairy tongue

Geographic tongue

Varicosities
* Twisted, enlarged veins at the skin surface

Hemoangioma
* Rubbery bump and is made up of extra blood vessels in the skin

Leukodema
* Leukoedema is the normal anatomic variant of the oral mucosa which has clinical appearance similar to potentially malignant white lesions such as leukoplakia

Lingual thyroid
* Abnormal mass of ectopic thyroid tissue seen in base of tongue

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2
Q

Demonstrate the ability to accurately describe oral lesions with respect to size.

A

Using a probe to measure
○ length and width in millimetres
○ for elevated lesion measure height

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3
Q

Demonstrate the ability to accurately describe oral lesions with respect to shape.

A

Round, raised (elevated), depressed or flat
• Defined or undefined borders
• Pedunculated: lesion is attached to a stalk
Sessile: lesion has a base that is as wide as the lesion itself

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4
Q

Demonstrate the ability to accurately describe oral lesions with respect to colour.

A

Red, white, mixed (red and white) are most common

• Blue, purple, grey, yellow, black and brown

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5
Q

Demonstrate the ability to accurately describe oral lesions with respect to consistency.

A

Soft, spongy
• Resilient
• Hard or indurated (abnormally hard)
• Fluid filled

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6
Q

Demonstrate the ability to accurately describe oral lesions with respect to texture.

A

Smooth

If an irregular surface:
□ Corrugated- wrinkled
□ Fissured- grooved
□ Papillary
□ Verrucous - wartlike
□ Crusted
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7
Q

Demonstrate the ability to accurately describe oral lesions with respect to location.

A

Is it localised or generalised?
○ Is it a single lesion?
○ Is it multiple lesions?

Borders/ characteristics:
□ separate- discrete, not running together
□ coalescing- close to one another with margins that merge

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8
Q

Identify and demonstrate the ability to use appropriate terminology to describe lesions in or around the oral cavity and in radiographs.

A

Describe borders:

  • Coalescence-fusion or joined together
  • Diffuse-borders are not well defined
  • Well defined

Describe amount:

  • Multilocular: many cysts
  • Unilocular: only singular

Describe shape, size, colour, consistency

Radiographs

  • Radiolucent
  • Radiopaque
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9
Q

Define neoplasm

A

Any new or abnormal growth exhibiting uncontrolled proliferation.

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10
Q

Understand characteristics of malignant lesions

A

Common sites

  • Floor of the mouth
  • Lateral borders of the tongue
  • Lower lip
  • Soft palate
• Can appear as:
○ White lesions (leukoplakia)
○ Red lesions (erythroplakia)
○ Ulcers
○ Masses
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11
Q

Discuss the stages of cancer as determined by TMN.

A

Staging based on TNM
• T = size of tumor
• N = lymph node involvement
• M = metastasis (the mass of abnormal tissue enlarges and sheds cells that spread the disease)

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12
Q

Discuss the stages of cancer

A

Stage 0 means there’s no cancer, only abnormal cells with the potential to become cancer. This is also called carcinoma in situ.

  • Stage I means the cancer is small and only in one area. This is also called early-stage cancer.
  • Stage II and III mean the cancer is larger and has grown into nearby tissues or lymph nodes.
  • Stage IV means the cancer has spread to other parts of your body. It’s also called advanced or metastatic cancer.
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13
Q

Discuss the oral sides effects of chemotherapy

A
  • Mucositis
  • Xerostomia
  • Abnormal enamel & root development
  • Jaw pain
  • Delayed eruption
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14
Q

Discuss the oral sides effects of radiation therapy

A 
Reduced salivary flow
• Mucositis
• Trismus
• Candidiasis
• Dysgeusia- distorted taste
• Osteoradionecrosis
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15
Q

Discuss the oral management of patients with cancer prior to treatment

A 
Eliminate sources of infections
• Reduce biofilm
• Improve conditions for healing
• Preventive dental therapies
• Preventive homecare instructions
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16
Q

Discuss the oral management of patients with cancer during cancer treatment

A 
During and after:
• Evaluate periodontal health
• Examine for dental caries
• Assess salivary flow
• Provide preventive homecare instructions
• Toothbrushing
• Mouth rinses
• Diet
17
Q

Discuss Characteristics of Benign, Malignant and metastasising

A

Benign- not malignant, localised and favourable for recovery

Malignant- cancerous; becomes progressively worse; leads to death.

Matastasis- transfer of disease from one organ to another

18
Q

state the information you will need to gather from a patient when describing a intra-oral lesion

A
  • Onset= When did you notice this?
  • Duration= How long has it been there
  • Servrity= Does it hurt? ha the pain worsened?
  • Character= Has the appearance changed overtime
  • Signs and Sympotoms- have you experienced any other symptoms
  • Location, Location, Location!!!
19
Q

List risk factors for cancers

A
  • Carcinogenics
  • Tobacco
  • Alcohol
  • Bactria
  • Viruses
  • Sun exposure
  • Occupation
  • Genetics
  • Iatrogenic
  • Radiation
20
Q

List types of cancer treatment in a general sense

A
  • Surgery
  • Radiation
  • Chemotherapy
  • Haematopic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)
  • Hormone Therapy
  • Vaccine Therapy
21
Q

Describes ‘Aims’ of radiation types during surgery and list types of radiation therapy used to treat cancer

A

Aims= prior to surgery aim to reduce tumour size, post-surgery is to control the disease that is left

Types:
Type 1- External beam- external sources deliver radiation

Type 2- Internal source- sources of radiation place din the body as pellets, wires or small containers

INTERGRATED THEORY (14 decks)

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