Smoking cessation Flashcards
Understand which groups are more likely to smoke
- Prisoners
- People with mental illnesses
- Homeless people
- Drug treatment groups
List the reasons as to why people smoke and explain why it is important to know this information
- Addiction: satisfy cravings
- Emotions: stressed, upset, bored or happy
- Pleasure: to enjoy self reward
- Social pressure: be a part of the crowd
- Habits: linked to something
Understanding these triggers can help people to recognize them and plan to cope with quitting.
Understand how smoking affects general health
- Increases risk of infections
- Higher need for medical care services than non smokers
- Increases risk of complications after surgery (slower wound healing, respiratory complications) and a lower survival rate after surgery due to body damage
- Require longer hospitalizations
- Absence from work because of illness
Describe the effects of smoking on pregnant women
- Greater risk of ectopic pregnancy
- Greater risk of miscarriage
- Greater risk of having a premature and/or low birth weight baby
Describe the effects of smoking on children
• The risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome is increased in babies of mothers who smoke during pregnancy or after birth
Passive smoking or environmental tobacco smoke can effect the health of children:
• Suffer from asthma and other respiratory infections
• Have more middle ear infections
• Have an increased risk of meningococcal disease
Describe the effects of smoking on adolescents
• Adolescents become addicted more quickly due to brain development
Describe the effects of smoking on adults
Increases the risk of: • CVD • Cancer • Infertility • Diabetes • Premature ageing
List possible reasons that can help a client stay smoke- free
- There is a stigma related to being a smoker
- You have restricted access to places, activities
- There is a high cost associated with smoking
- It will help you reduce medication
- It will relieve the stress of neuroadaptation to nicotine (addiction cycle)
Explain why smoking is damaging to pregnancy
- When a pregnant woman smokes, about 4000 chemicals enter her bloodstream
- The placenta doesn’t filter them out, so they go straight to the baby
- These enter the baby’s bloodstream then brain, heart, kidneys and so on. In effect, the baby is smoking.
Understand the statement “how you smoke is as important as how many you smoke”
- Smokers will unconsciously smoke in a way that meets their need for nicotine(titration)
- If cutting down , they will drag harder on next cigarette, taking more carbon monoxide and tar deeper into the lungs
- If wearing a NRT patch, they will drag lighter as they already have some nicotine in bloodstream
Compare the dangers of waterpipe smoking to cigarettes
• The waterpipe smoker may inhale as much smoke in one session as a cig smoker would inhale smoking 50-100 cigs
Understand the effects of smoking on oral health
- Smokers are more likely to have periodontal disease than non-smokers
- Increased risk of cancer
- Are less responsive to periodontal treatment than non-smokers
- Have higher incidences of complications after a tooth extraction
- Experience greater tooth loss than non-smokers
- Are more likely to have oral leukoplakia (white patch)
- Have delayed healing and are more vulnerable to infection
- Are not recommended to have implants due to healing vulnerability
- Have stained teeth & restorations
- Have bad breath and impaired taste
Describe the following oral effects of smoking:
- Nicotine stomatitis
- Smoker’s melanosis
- Hairy tongue
- Oral candidiasis
Nicotine stomatitis: Palate becomes white with little red spots that project out. Theses red spots mark the opening of the duct of the gland. It is caused by high temperatures in the mouth
- Smoker’s melanosis: brown spots in the mouth
- Hairy tongue: overgrowth of papillae that become stained either green, yellow, black, brown or white. It doesn’t look nice and causes halitosis
- Oral candidiasis: Fungal infection due to weakened immune system
Describe the link between periodontal disease and smoking
- The presence of bacterial species is more important in periodontitis pathogenesis than the amount of plaque and debris
- Smokers have higher periodontal pathogens e.g. bacteroides forsythus than non-smokers
Describe how smoking affects soft tissue
- Smoking/ nicotine have a vasoconstrictive effect and reduce the blood to gingiva.
- Thus, there is impaired delivery of oxygen and nutrients to gingiva
- Smoking impairs tissue repair ability to junctional epithelium
