Introduction to organic chemistry

Question 1

Define general formula.

Answer 1

An algebraic formula that can be applied to chemicals in the same family.

Question 2

What is the general formula for alkanes?

Answer 2

CnH2n+2

Question 3

What is the general formula for alkenes?

Answer 3

CnH2n

Question 4

What is the general formula for alcohols?

Answer 4

CnH2n+1OH

Question 5

Define molecular formula.

Answer 5

The actual number of atoms in an element/molecule.

Question 6

Define empirical formula.

Answer 6

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound.

Question 7

Define structural formula.

Answer 7

The arrangement of atoms in a molecule, not showing the bonds.

Question 8

Define skeletal formula.

Answer 8

Shows the bonds of the carbon skeleton and functional groups of a molecule.

Question 9

Define displayed formula.

Answer 9

Shows the arrangement of all the bonds and atoms in a molecule.

Question 10

What are the properties of a homolgous series?

Answer 10

*same functional group
*same general formula
*each successive member increases by CH2
*similar chemical properties

Question 11

What is the difference in stucture of an aldehyde and ketone?

Answer 11

Aldehyde has =O on the end.
Ketone has =O in middle.

Question 12

Define structural isomers.

Answer 12

Same molecular formula, different structural formula.

Question 13

Define chain isomers.

Answer 13

Same molecular formula, different arrangement of the carbon skeleton.

Question 14

Define position isomers.

Answer 14

Same molecular formula, different position of the functional group on carbon skeleton.

Question 15

Define functional group isomers.

Answer 15

Same molecular formula, different functional group.

Question 16

Define stereoisomers.

Answer 16

Same structural formula, different arrangment of atoms in 3D space.

Question 17

Why do E-Z isomers arise?

Answer 17

There is restricted rotation around the planar carbon-carbon double bond.

Question 18

Which isomer is the Z isomer?

Answer 18

The one with the same atoms/groups on the same side of the double bond.

Question 19

Which isomer is the E isomer?

Answer 19

The one with the same atoms/groups on opposite sides of the double bond.