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Clinical Parasitology > Introduction to Parasitology > Flashcards

Introduction to Parasitology Flashcards

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1
Q

Refers to the association of 2 organisms that is beneficial to both

A

Mutualism

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2
Q

Unlike, that refers to association of two species for food and shelter. Living together of unlike organisms

A

Symbiosis

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3
Q

2 types of Symbiosis

A

Commensalism
Mutualism

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4
Q

Symbiotic relationship in which two species live together and one species benefit from the relationship without harming or benefiting the other

A

Commensalism

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5
Q

Latin for “eating at the same table”

A

Commensalism

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6
Q

Only beneficial to one partner and at least not disadvantageous to the other. There is no give and take

A

Commensalism

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7
Q

A symbiotic relationship in which 2 organisms mutually benefit from each other

A

Mutualism

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8
Q

Beneficial to both of the organism involved. There is give and take happening.

A

Mutualism

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9
Q

Symbiotic rs where one organisms, the parakite lives in or on another, depending on the latter for its survival and usually at the expense of the host

A

Parasitism

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10
Q

Only one-party benefits

Parasite is dependent on the host; Thus, when the parasite dies, the human/host dies too and vice versa

A

Parasitism

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11
Q

Area of biology concerned with the phenomenon of dependence of one living organism on another

A

Parasitology

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12
Q

Scientific study of parasite, an organism that depends, and a host, an organism that provides shelter and nourishment

A

Parasitology

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13
Q

Concerned primarily with parasites of humans and their
medical significance, as well as their importance in human
communities

A

Medical Parasitology

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14
Q

What type of parasite acc to habitat that lives within the host?

A

Endoparasite

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15
Q

What type of parasite acc to habitat that are found in an organ which is not its usual habitat?

A

Ectoparasite

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16
Q

What type of parasite according to habitat is found in an organ which is not its usual habitat?

(transfers to another organ that is not its designated organ/usual habitat

A

Erratic

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17
Q

What type of parasite acc to rs between the host and a parasite that requires a host otherwise, it dies. Cannot survive/ complete life cycle without a host and needs a host to reproduce

A

Obligate Parasite

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18
Q

a parasite that may exist in a free-living state or may become parasitic when the need/ opportunity arises.

A

Facultative Parasite

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19
Q

a parasite that establishes itself in a host in which it does not usually live

A

Accidental/Incidental Parasite

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20
Q

a parasite that remains on or in the body of the host for its entire life. These parasites live forever

A

Permanent Parasite

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21
Q

a parasite that lives on the host only for a short period of time. These parasites live for a short time

A

Temporary Parasite

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22
Q

A free-living organism that passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host

A

Spurious Parasite

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23
Q

Small organisms, such as mosquitoes, which must periodically seek each other out and larger forms on which to nourish themselves

A

Intermittent Parasite

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24
Q

Parasites that visit their host during feeding time

A

Intermittent Parasite

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25
It is the victim, known as the organism that provides physical protection and nourishment to the parasite
Host
26
End stage of the cycle -during its end stage, the parasite enters the host
Definitive/Final Host
27
Type of host that harbors of adult or sexually mature stage of the parasite
Definitive/Final Host
28
The parasite enters the host mid-cycle.
Intermediate host
29
Type of hots that harbors the larval-stage or asexual forms of the parasite
Intermediate Host
30
One in which the parasite does not develop further to later stages but remains alive and can infect other hosts
Paratenic Host
31
Parasites life cycle continues through other things/ animals
Reservoir Host
32
Type of parasite the produces eggs/ova
Oviparous
33
Type of parasite that produces larva
Viviparous or Larviparous
34
Host that attains sexual maturity
Definitive or Final Host
35
Host that harbors the asexual or larval stage of the parasite
Intermediate host
36
Host that harbors a particular pathogen w/p manifesting any signs and symptoms
Carrier
37
The ones responsible for transmitting the parasite from one host to another
Vectors
38
type of vector that transmits the parasite only after the parasite has completed its development within the host
Biological vector
39
type of vector that transports the parasite without development of the parasite cycle
Mechanical/Phoretic vector
40
What do you call the process of inoculating an infective agent?
Exposure
41
What do you call the establishment of the infective agent (parasite) in the host?
Infection
42
What do you call the period between the infection and the evidence of symptoms?
Incubation period
43
What do you call the period between the infection/acquisition of the parasite and the evidence or demonstration of infection?
Pre-patent period
44
____ results when an infected individual becomes his own direct source of infection
Autoinfection
45
_____ happens when the already infected individual is further infected with the same species leading to massive infection with the parasite
Superinfection or hyperinfection
46
It requires further development in the soil before they become infective
STH (soil-transmitted Helminths)
47
It requires further development within the body of a snail which serves as their intermediate host before they can become infective
Snail-Transmitted Group
48
Where species of insects act as a vectors of parasitic diseases such as mosquitoes, sand fly, and tsetse fly
Arthropod-Transmitted Group
49
Require further development in the flesh of some animals that man can consume
Animal/Food transmitted Group
50
Person to person transmission wherein the parasites require no further development and are readily infective
Contact-Transmitted Group
51
The infective person is his own source of re-exposure
Autoinfection
52
Distribution of disease wherein a disease in human population maintains a relatively steady. moderate level
Endemic
53
distribution of disease wherein there is a sharp rise in the incidence or an outbreak of considerable intensity occurs
Epidemic
54
Distribution of disease wherein the prevalence of a disease in a community is high
Hyperendemic
55
Distribution of a diseae if it appears only occasionally in one or at most few members of a community
Sporadic
56
Distribution of a disease if it covers an extensive area of the world
Pandemic
57
What are the 5 modes of enttry?
1. Skin penetration 2. Congenital/Vertical Transmission 3. Inhalation $. Ingestion 5. Sexual or Venereal Route
58
Method of diagnosis that is based on the recognition of characteristic signs and symptoms of the infection of disease
Clinical Diagnosis
59
Method of diagnosis that is based on the identification of the parasite in different specimens
Laboratory Diagnosis
60
2 types of life cycles
Indirect Direct
61
Life cycle that involves only the parasite and the definitive or final host
Direct life cycle
62
Life cycle that has an intermediate host
Indirect life cycle
63
Defined as a permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent as a result of deliberate efforts
Erradication
64
A reduction to zero of the incidence of a specified disease in a defined geographic area as a results of deliberate efforts
Elimination
65
A parasite that can live independently of a host and can survive in its absence
Facultative
66
Parasite capable of producing or releasing mature eggs/segmented eggs (eggs are alr embryonated)
Ovoviviparous
67
Also known as hermaphrodite, there is no female or male worm (no separate sexes)
Monoecious Parasite
68
there is male and female worms
Dioecious Parasite
69
Examples of Dioecious Parasites
Nematodes Hookworms Ascaris Trichuiris
70
Examples of Reservoir Host
Pigs - RH of Balantidium coli Field Rats - RH of Paragonimus Wetermanni Cats - RH of Brugia malayi
71
Does not allow parasites' life cycle to continue
Dead end host ex. Trichinella spiralis
72
What MOT that is most common, contaminated food & water.
Oral
73
Examples of Oral MOT.
Taenia solium - undercooked pork Taenia saginata - undercoooked beef Dibothriocephalus latus - undercooked freshwater fish E. histolytica Giardia duodenalis Clonorchis Opistorchis Haplorchis
74
What MOT would involve larval penetration?
Skin penetration
75
Examples of MOT Skin penentration?
Hookworms Strongyloides: Filariform (IS) Schistosoma sp.: Cercariae (IS)
76
What MOT that is transmitted from the bite of a vector?
Arthropod Bites (vector-borne)
77
Arthropod bites involving Mosquitos
Malaria - Anopheles mosquitos Filariasis - Aedes and Mansonia
78
Arthropod bites involving Flybites
Leishmaniasis - Sand flies (Phlebotomus) African trypanosomiasis - Tsetse fly Onchocercosis Loiasis
79
Arthropod bites involving Tickbites
Babesiosis - coming from the genus Ixodes
80
Arthropod bites involving Bug(Reduviid)/Triatoma
Chagas Disease also known as American Trypanosomiasis
81
What MOT is via congenital - vertical transmission, from mother to baby
Congenital Transmission
82
Example of Congenital Transmission
Taxoplasma gondii
83
What MOT is via breastmilk
Transmammary
84
Example of MOT Transmammary
Ancylostoma and Strongyloides
85
Example of MOT Inhalation
Enterobius Vermicularis
86
Example of MOT Sexual contact
Trichomonas vaginalis
87
It means we're dealing with the risk or chance for the infection to happen
Incidence
88
Measure the risk or chance to gen an infection
Incidence
89
I deals with the number of cases in a particular point of time (it will only tell the number of cases in a particular point of time; it may change)
Prevalence
90
It refers to burden of infection which is related to the number of worms per infected person
Intensity of infection/ Worm burden
91
Refers to the number of diseased individuals with infection
Morbidity
92
Refers to the number of patients who died of the disease
Mortality
93
It is the use of anthelminthic drugs in an individual or public health program
Deworming

Clinical Parasitology (9 decks)

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