Introduction to physical agents Flashcards
a method of application of energy and materials used on a patient as part of a therapeutic intervention when appropriate. AKA modality
physical agent
diathermy, lamps, light therapies are ______ modalities.
electromagnetic energy modalities
thermotherapy, and cryotherapy are ______ modalities
thermal energy modalities
e-stim, bio feedback, iontophoresis are _____ modalities.
electrical energy modalities
ultrasound, and extracorporeal shockwave therapy are ____ modalities
sound energy modalities
compression, traction, massage, vibration are _____ modalities
mechanical energy
modalities produce a therapeutic effect by addressing or producing a change in (6):
- pain
- inflammation/swelling
- muscle tone
- ROM restrictions
- strength deficits
- healing
How does the effect of pain control occur? (2)
- modulation of pain at the spinal cord
- stimulate endorphin release
How does the effect of inflammation and swelling occur? (2)
- vasoconstriction to decrease chemical response
- increase venous return
How does the effect of muscle tone and ROM occur? (3)
- increase mm relaxation and increase collagen extensibility
- alter deep tendon reflexes to increase normal movement patterns
- decrease pain and interrupt the pain-spasm cycle
How does the effect of strength and NMR occur? (2)
- stimulate motor unit firing and recruitment of mm
- improve coordination and control muscle firing
How does the effect of overall healing occur when using a modality? (3)
- control inflammatory response
- increase oxygenation and nutrient activity to injured tissue
- protection of tissue
3 questions to consider before selecting and applying any therapeutic modality:
- Where is the patient in the healing process?
- What is the main goal(s) of treatment?
- Is the chosen modality in the POC?
the presence of any symptom or circumstance that would prevent the application of a particular treatment under all circumstances that would otherwise be indicated
contraindications (red flags)
things to consider for treatment, often guidelines or restrictions
precautions (yellow flags)
ultimate goal of treatment through modalities is to:
improve function
general contraindications you must always ask patient: (5)
- pacemaker and/or unstable cardiac condition
- history of bloodclots
- pregnancy
- malignancy/ CA history
- impaired sensation and cognition
