Introduction to Social Psychology Flashcards
(29 cards)
1
Q
social psychology
A
- branch of psychology that looks at how B and social interactions influence each other
IMAGINE HOW ACTUAL, IMAGINED, OR IMPLIED PRESENCE OF OTHERS INFLUENCE US
2
Q
social psych and common sense
A
- social psychologists and philosophers address similar questions about human nature
- social psychologists use controlled experiments to do this
- conclusions reached by folk psych and common sense are
1. unreliable
2. oversimplified
3. contradictory
3
Q
social psych and sociology
A
- share interest in situational and societal influences on B
- difference in level of analysis (SP = individuals, S = broad societal factors)
- SP wants to identify universal properties of human nature, regardless of social class or culture
4
Q
social psych and personality psych
A
- share interest in individuals and reasons for B
- PP focuses on individual differences and aspects of personalities that make them different from others
- SP emphasizes processes shared by most people that make them susceptible to social influence
5
Q
main conflicts in SP
A
- need to feel good about ourselves
- need to be accurate about ourselves and our social world
6
Q
cost of protecting our self-esteem
A
- gives inaccurate perception of the world
- causes us to justify out actions
7
Q
self-esteem
A
evaluation of our self-worth in relation to others
8
Q
self-worth
A
- relatively stable
- evaluation of our own traits, characteristics, capabilities
9
Q
self-esteem approach
A
- most people need to maintain a + view of themselves
- will often sacrifice need to be accurate to protect our self-esteem
- may modify attitudes about painful situations to justify our participation
10
Q
social cognition approach
A
- incorporation of human cognitive abilities into theories of social B
- includes:
1. reasoning abilities
2. decision making
3. judgments about others
4. explanations of B in others
11
Q
social psych and social problems
A
much effort to attempt to understand societal issues
12
Q
main components of social psych
A
- attraction
- attitudes
- groups
- social influence
- social cognition
13
Q
hindsight bias
A
overestimate how well we could have predicted an outcome after it has occurred
14
Q
basic research
A
- find out why people behave the way they do
- try to find explanations
- developing theories and concepts
- conducted for intellectual curiosity
15
Q
applied research
A
use knowledge and apply to a particular problem
16
Q
research designs
A
- observational methods
- correlational methods
- experimental methods
17
Q
observational methods
A
- researcher observes people and systematically records measurements of B
- can be analyzed qualitatively or quantitatively
- different types of observational methods
18
Q
types of observational methods
A
- case studies
- ethnographies
- archival analyses
- non-conscious research
19
Q
case study
A
- detailed investigation of single event, situation, individual
- cannot be recreated
- researcher does not have to live in particular community
20
Q
methods for case study
A
- analysis of recorded data
- checklists
- interviews
- questionnaires
- observations
21
Q
ethnographies
A
- detailed + systematic study of people and cultures
- observes cultural phenomenon
- intends to uncover tacit knowledge of culture participants
- researcher must spend considerable time inside the community
22
Q
methods for ethnographies
A
- interviews
- observations
23
Q
archival analysis
A
- analysis of accumulated documents/archives of a culture
- provides unique look at the values of a culture
24
Q
non-conscious research
A
examination of subconscious patterns of involuntary thoughts
25
correlational method
- assess association and relation between variables
- correlation, not causation
26
correlation coefficient
- relation between variables
- how well one variable predicts another
27
experimental method
- only way to establish causality
- independent and dependent variable
- almost always a tradeoff between internal and external validity
28
ethical principles for research
1. respect for dignity of persons
2. informed consent
3. minimizing harm
4. freedom to withdraw
5. privacy and confidentiality
6. use of deception
29
deception
- participants are misled about the true purpose of study/events that will actually transpire
- confederates may be involved
- debriefing session required
