Introduction to Statistics

Question 1

Practice and study of collecting and analyzing data

Answer 1

Statistics

Question 2

Two main branches of statistics:

Answer 2

Descriptive/summary
Inferential

Question 3

Descriptive statistics is what?

Answer 3

Describing or summarizing our data

Question 4

Inferential statistics is what?

Answer 4

Collect a sample of data, and apply the results to the population that the sample represents

Question 5

Limitation of statistics

Answer 5

Statistics require specific measurable questions

Question 6

Types of data:

Answer 6

Numeric/quantitative data
Categorical/qualitative data

Question 7

What is continuous data?

Answer 7

Data measured on a continuous scale

Question 8

What is interval/count data?

Answer 8

Data that are measured in whole numbers

Question 9

Common way of visualizing the relationship between numeric data

Answer 9

Scatter plot

Question 10

What is nominal data?

Answer 10

Data that describes unordered categories

Question 11

What is ordinal data?

Answer 11

Categories of data are in order

Question 12

Best way to visualize categorical data?

Answer 12

Group the values and perform aggregation

Question 13

What is a histogram?

Answer 13

Takes data points and separates them into bins or ranges of values.

Question 14

Where is the center of the data?

Answer 14

Mean
Median
Mode

Question 15

Measures of center: mean is often called

Answer 15

Average

Question 16

How to calculate the mean?

Answer 16

adding up all the values and divide by the number of values

Question 17

Measures of center: median is what?

Answer 17

Middle value for a given variable

Question 18

Measures of center: mode is what?

Answer 18

Most frequent value

Question 19

When data is not symmetrical what measure of center should we use?

Answer 19

Median

Question 20

What is spread?

Answer 20

describes how far apart data points are.

Question 21

Why is spread important?

Answer 21

Tells us how much variety may occur in our data

Question 22

Different measures of spread?

Answer 22

Range
Variance
Quartiles

Question 23

What is range?

Answer 23

Difference between the max and min values

Question 24

What is variance?

Answer 24

Calculates the average distance from each data point to the mean

Question 25

How to calculate for the variance?

Answer 25

Measure the distance (value - mean) from each data point to the mean value then squared

Question 26

Standard Deviation

Answer 26

square root of the variance

Question 27

Standard deviation close to zero, the more closely clustered the data is around the mean.

Answer 27

true

Question 28

What are quartiles?

Answer 28

Splitting the data into four equal parts

Question 29

Second quartile is the middle value = to the median

Answer 29

true

Question 30

We can visualize quartiles using what?

Answer 30

A Box plot

Question 31

The left edge of the box in the box plot represents the what?

Answer 31

First quartile

Question 32

The middle line of the box in the box plot represents the what?

Answer 32

Median

Question 33

The right edge of the box in the box plot represents the what?

Answer 33

the third quartile

Question 34

Extreme values are shown

Answer 34

Beyond the horizontal lines

Question 35

Interquartile Range (IQR)

Answer 35

Distance between the first and third quartiles

Question 36

Benefits of IQR

Answer 36

Less affected by extreme values