Introduction to the CVS

Question 1

List 7 substances transported by the blood.

Answer 1

1 - Oxygen.

2 - Carbon dioxide.

3 - Nutrients.

4 - Water.

5 - Metabolic waste.

6 - Immune cells, antibodies, etc.

7 - Hormones.

Question 2

Give an example of a function of blood other than transport.

Answer 2

Thermoregulation.

Question 3

What is the advantage of a parallel arrangement of vessels throughout the body?

Answer 3

The oxygenation and pressure is the same in all branches of the system.

Question 4

What pressure does the right ventricle apply to blood entering the pulmonary artery?

Answer 4

25mmHg.

Question 5

What pressure does the left ventricle apply to the blood entering the aorta?

Answer 5

90mmHg.

Question 6

Define cardiac output.

How is cardiac output calculated?

Answer 6

• The volume of blood pumped per minute.

- Cardiac output = stroke volume * heart rate

Question 7

What is the average adult cardiac output?

Answer 7

5L/min.

Question 8

Define stroke volume.

Answer 8

The volume of blood ejected from the heart per contraction.

Question 9

What is the average adult stroke volume?

Answer 9

70ml.

Question 10

Define systolic pressure.

Answer 10

The peak pressure reached during systole.

Question 11

Define diastolic pressure.

Answer 11

The lowest pressure reached during diastole.

Question 12

Define pulse pressure.

Answer 12

Systolic pressure - diastolic pressure.

Question 13

How is pressure calculated?

How is arterial blood pressure calculated?

Answer 13

• Pressure = flow * resistance

- ABP = cardiac output * total peripheral resistance

Question 14

How is mean arterial blood pressure calculated?

Answer 14

Mean ABP = ((SP-DP) / 3) +DP

Question 15

What is the average total blood volume for a 70kg male?

Answer 15

5L.

Question 16

List 3 negative feedback mechanisms to increase blood pressure.

Answer 16

1 - Kidneys increase blood volume.

2 - ANS stimulates cardiac activity.

3 - ANS stimulates vasoconstriction.