Introduction to the Human Body

Question 1

define anatomy

Answer 1

the science of internal and external structures of the body and their physical relationships.

Question 2

define physiology

Answer 2

the science of functions of body structures.

Question 3

what is an organ?

Answer 3

structure made up of two or more type of tissues to perform a specific body function.

Question 4

what is an organ system?

Answer 4

one or more organ working together to accomplish a common purpose.

Question 5

what are the levels of structural organization?

Answer 5

chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, systemic level, organismal level

Question 6

name the 11 types of cells

Answer 6

epithelial cells
nerve cells
muscle cells
bone cells
sex cells
cancer cells
blood cells
fat cells
endothelial cells
pancreatic cells
stem cells

Question 7

types of tissues

Answer 7

muscle tissue: shorten and extend to produce movement.
nervous tissue: made up of neurons/nerve cells that send electrical signals that regulate body functions.
epithelial tissue: lines the inner and outer outlines of the body surfaces. secretes hormones and absorbs nutrients.
connective tissue: supports, protects, and gives tissues and organs structure.

Question 8

integumentary system components and function

Answer 8

components: skin, hair, nails, sweat and oil glands
function: protect the body, regulate temperature, absorb nutrients

Question 9

skeletal system components and function

Answer 9

components: bones, joints, and associated cartilage
function: support and protect body, produce movement, store minerals, produce blood cells

Question 10

muscular system components and function

Answer 10

components: smooth, skeletal, cardiac muscles
function: assist in movement production, produce heat (temp.), maintain posture

Question 11

nervous system components and function

Answer 11

components: brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs (eyes, ears)
function: regulate body functions through nerve impulses

Question 12

endocrine system components and function

Answer 12

components: pancreas, thyroid, testes, ovaries, adrenal and pineal gland, thymus
function: regulate body functions through hormones

Question 13

cardiovascular system components and function

Answer 13

components: heart, blood, blood vessels
function: heart pumps blood through blood vessels, blood components help defend against disease

Question 14

lymphatic/immune system components and function

Answer 14

components: lymph nodes, lymphatic fluids and vessels, spleen, thymus, thyroid gland, tonsils, B&T cells
function: protect from diseases

Question 15

respiratory system components and function

Answer 15

components: pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, bronchial tubes
function: transfers O2 from inhaled air to blood and CO2 from blood to exhaled air

Question 16

digestive system components and function

Answer 16

components: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum, anus, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
function: physical and chemical breakdown of food, absorb nutrients

Question 17

reproductive system components and function

Answer 17

components: testes, ovaries, and associated organs
function: form a new organism and release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes

Question 18

urinary system components and function

Answer 18

components: kidneys, ureters, urethra, urinary bladder
function: elimination of wastes (urination), maintain body mineral balance