Introduction to the Nervous System QUIZ 2

Question 1

The central nervous system is comprised of what?

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

What does the peripheral nervous system do?

Answer 2

connects the CNS to sensory receptors, muscles and glands

Question 3

The PNS is subdivided into what 3 groups?

Answer 3

somatic nervous system (SNS)
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
enteric nervous system

Question 4

the ANS is further divided into what?

Answer 4

sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system

Question 5

the sympathetic nervous system is also known as:

Answer 5

fight or flight

Question 6

what is white matter made of?

Answer 6

myelinated axons

Question 7

grey matter consists of?

Answer 7

clusters of nerve cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals.
unmyelinated axons or neuroglia

Question 8

what is the orientation of grey matter in the spinal cord and brain

Answer 8

spinal cord = inner, butterfly shaped
brain = outer layer

Question 9

What are the major regions of the brain?

Answer 9

cerebrum
diencephalon
cerebellum
brain stem

Question 10

What is the largest portion of the brain?

Answer 10

cerebrum

Question 11

What are the areas of the cerebrum??

Answer 11

cerebral cortex
inner white matter
basal ganglia
limbic system

Question 12

What are the areas of the diencephalon?

Answer 12

thalamus
pituitary gland and hypothalamus

Question 13

What are the areas of the brain stem?

Answer 13

medulla oblongata
pons
midbrain

Question 14

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 14

frontal lobe
parietal lobe
temporal lobe
Occipital lobe

Question 15

Why is the cerebral cortex heavily folded?

Answer 15

to accommodate an increased number of interneurons

Question 16

What does the frontal lobe do?

Answer 16

thinking, reasoning, personality, intelligence, judgement, language, posterior part of the frontal lobe is the motor cortex

Question 17

What do the parietal lobes do?

Answer 17

language and somatosensory

Question 18

What do the temporal lobes do?

Answer 18

hearing, language, smell

Question 19

What do the occipital lobes do?

Answer 19

interpretation of visual stimuli

Question 20

What are the 3 functional areas of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 20

sensory areas - interpret sensory input
motor areas - determine motor output
association areas - emotions, reason, intellect, language

Question 21

What is the inner white matter of the brain?

Answer 21

groups of myelinated axons called tracts
convey info from one area to another in the brain
includes the corpus callosum which communicates between right and left hemispheres.

Question 22

What is the function of the basal ganglia

Answer 22

Involved in control of large automatic muscle movement and muscle tone.
(Parkinson’s)

Question 23

What is the function of the limbic system?

Answer 23

the emotional brain (pain, pleasure, anger)
includes the amygdala, important in emotional response to stimuli
the hippocampus is important for creating new memories

Question 24

What is the function of the thalamus?

Answer 24

major relay station for most sensory impulses to the sensory areas of the cerebral cortex from spinal cord and brainstem

Question 25

What is the function of the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus?

Answer 25

the hypothalamus is the communication centre between the endocrine system and nervous system. Pituitary gland releases hormones

Question 26

What is the function of the the cerebellum?

Answer 26

unconscious regulation of balance hand eye coordination

Question 27

What area of the brain is involved in relaying nerves to and from the spinal cord to the brain?

Answer 27

the pons, medulla oblongata and midbrain

Question 28

What part of the brain controls subconscious activities such as respiration, blood pressure, heart rate?

Answer 28

the medulla oblongata

Question 29

What part of the brain wakes up the cerebrum each morning?

Answer 29

reticular activating centre

Question 30

What are the functions of the spinal cord?

Answer 30

integrates simple responses for certain stimuli relays info to and from the brain

Question 31

What are reflexes?

Answer 31

fast, automatic, pre-programmed responses to internal or external stimuli

Question 32

What are the meninges?

Answer 32

three protective, CT coverings of the brain and spinal cord

Question 33

What are the 3 layers of the meninges?

Answer 33

dura mater arachnoid pia mater

Question 34

What does the somatic nervous system consist of?

Answer 34

somatic sensory neurons somatic motor neurons

Question 35

Somatic motor neurons convey info to what type of muscles?

Answer 35

skeletal muscles only

Question 36

What is the enteric nervous system AKA?

Answer 36

the brain of the gut

Question 37

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 37

31

Question 38

How many nerves pairs come from each section of the spine?

Answer 38

8 pairs of cervical nerves 12 pairs of thoracic 5 pairs of lumbar 5 pairs of sacral 1 pair of coccygeal

Question 39

What are spinal nerve branches called?

Answer 39

rami

Question 40

The anterior rami of all nerves, except these, form plexuses

Answer 40

T2-T12

Question 41

What are plexuses?

Answer 41

networks of ventral rami that join with adjacent ventral rami to form the final nerves that supply skeletal muscles and glands

Question 42

What are the 4 principle plexuses?

Answer 42

cervical plexus brachial plexus lumbar plexus sacral plexus

Question 43

describe Alzheimer's disease

Answer 43

progressive senile dementia due to widespread deterioration of brain tissue massage is indicated

Question 44

describe Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Answer 44

CNS degeneration of motor neurons only results in atrophy of skeletal muscles massage is indicated

Question 45

describe Bell's Palsy

Answer 45

flaccid paralysis of one half of the face due to inflammation or damage to the facial nerve massage is indicated

Question 46

Describe Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Answer 46

irritation of the median nerve where it passes under the transverse carpal ligament pain tingling and weakness in index, middle finger and thumb, possibly forearm massage may be indicated

Question 47

Describe Cerebral Palsy

Answer 47

a group of disorders diagnosed in early childhood characterized by impaired motor function and possible cognitive and sensory dysfunction. brain damage in utero, during birth or early infancy massage is indicated

Question 48

Describe Cerebrovascular Accident

Answer 48

AKA stroke Absolute CI, medical emergency

Question 49

Describe epilepsy

Answer 49

chronic disorder with recurrent seizures which are excessive discharges in cerebral neurons. refer clients experiencing symptoms to their Doctor

Question 50

Describe headaches

Answer 50

migraines and tension headaches migraines usually unilateral and massage is contraindicated tension headaches usually BL and respond well to massage