introduction to the reproductive system

Question 1

what are gametes

Answer 1

a haploid cell

Question 2

what is the male gamete

Answer 2

spermatozoa

Question 3

what is the female gamete

Answer 3

oocyte or ovum

Question 4

where does the pelvic cavity lie

Answer 4

within the bony pelvis, between the pelvic inlet and the pelvic outlet

Question 5

in terms of space what is the pelvic cavity

Answer 5

Continuous with abdominal cavity

Question 6

Pelvic floor:

Answer 6

internal wall of skeletal muscle that separates the pelvic cavity and the perineum

Question 7

perineum:

Answer 7

inferior to pelvic floor, situated between the proximal parts of lower limbs

Question 8

Pelvic roof:

Answer 8

formed by parietal peritoneum (lining of abdominal cavity)

Question 9

Peritoneal cavity:

Answer 9

space between visceral and parietal cavity

Question 10

what is so special about the Rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)

Answer 10

it is double folding of the peritoneum between therectumand the posterior wall of the uterus

• Most inferior part of the peritoneal cavity in an upright female patient

Question 11

what are the female reproductive organs

Answer 11

Ovaries - main organ
Accessory reproductive organs - uterine tubes, uterus, vagina

Question 12

what are the layers of the uterus wall

Answer 12

• Perimetrium
• Myometrium
• Endometrium

Question 13

anteverted

Answer 13

cervix tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina

Question 14

anteflexed

Answer 14

Uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix

Question 15

where do the ovaries develop

Answer 15

on the posterior abdominal wall and move to lateral wall of the pelvis

Question 16

what do ovaries secrete

Answer 16

they Secrete oestrogen and progesterone in response to pituitary hormones

Question 17

Ovulation + menstruation

Answer 17

1. Ova released from ovaries into peritoneal cavity
2. Ovum gathered by fimbriae into infundibulum of uterine tube
3. Ovum moved along uterine tube by cilia until it reaches the uterus
4. During menstruation, an unfertilized ovum is expelled by contractions of the myometrium

Question 18

Tubal ligation

Answer 18

both uterine tubes

clipped, cut or cauterised

blocks the lumen

Question 19

fertilization:

Answer 19

usually occurs in the ampulla

Question 20

implantation:

Answer 20

usually occurs in the body of the uterus

Question 21

Ectopic pregnancy:

Answer 21

fertilized ovum implants outside of the uterine cavity

Question 22

Male reproductive organs

Answer 22

Testes
Accessory reproductive organs - vas deferens, prostate gland, penis

Question 23

Retrovesical pouch

Answer 23

Double folding of peritoneum located between the rectumand the bladder

Question 24

During development the testis originate on

Answer 24

the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity

Question 25

By birth the testes have descended into the

Answer 25

scrotum through the anterior abdominal wall

Question 26

Spermatic cord contains:

Answer 26

• Vas deferens
• Testicular artery
• Pampiniform plexus of veins

Question 27

where are the spermatozoa produced

Answer 27

in the seminiferous tubules

Question 28

Sperm pass to rete testis, then into

Answer 28

head of epididymis

Question 29

Epididymis becomes

Answer 29

vas deferens

Question 30

how do Sperm pass from the testes

Answer 30

via the vas deferens (part of the spermatic cord)

Question 31

where does each spermatic cord pass through

Answer 31

the anterior abdominal wall to reach the pelvic cavity

Question 32

what does torsion of the testes involve

Answer 32

• Twisting of the spermatic cord
• Disrupts blood supply - severe pain, danger of necrosis

Question 33

male sterilisation

Answer 33

• Vasectomy
• Vas deferens transected and lumen sutured shut

Question 34

where does Each vas deferens connects with

Answer 34

the duct from a seminal gland - ejaculatory duct

Question 35

Right and left ejaculatory ducts join together where

Answer 35

within the prostate and drain into urethra

Question 36

where does the urethra open

Answer 36

at the external urethral meatus of the penis