Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHCT > Introduction To Toxicology > Flashcards

Introduction To Toxicology Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Deals with the undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems, from individual cells to complex ecosystems.

A

TOXICOLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Study of adverse effects of the xenobiotics

A

TOXICOLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

It is the study of the adverse effects of chemical, physical, or biological agents on people, animals, and the environment.

A

TOXICOLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ex. Physical poison

A

Nuclear rays & radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ex. Chemical poison

A

Reagents and chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ex. Biological poison

A

Toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What killed Socrates?

A

Hemlock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What killed Cleopatra?

A

Asp (snake)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

state poison of the Greeks

A

hemlock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

chinese arrow poison

A

aconite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How opium is used?

A

antidote-poison-antidote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Heavy metals examples

A

Pb, Hg, Cu, As, Sb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

treatise on the treatment of poisonings from insects, snakes, and mad dogs

A

Poisons and Antidotes (1198)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Wrote on the subject of bioavailability, noting that milk, butter, and cream could delay intestinal absorption

A

Maimonides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Paracelsus name

A

Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus
Bombastus von Hohenheim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

coined the word “toxixon”

A

Paracelsus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Father of Toxicology

A

Paracelsus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Considered to be the modern father of toxicology.

A

Mathieu Orfila (Mattieu Joseph Bonaventura Orfila)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Book written by Orfila

A

traite des poisons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

toxicology came from the Greek word

A

toxicon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What killed Alexander the Great?

A

alcohol overdose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Hemlock

A

Conium maculatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Aconite

A

Aconitum napellus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Opium

A

Papaver somniferum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Farmer God
Shen Nong
26
Founded the Chinese Herbal Medicine
Shen Nong
27
Founder of Ayurveda (India)
Sushruta
28
Developed tolerance to poisons
Mithridates VI
29
Nicander of Colophon authored 2 books entitled:
Theriaka & Alexipharmaka
30
How many substances does the book Alexipharmaka have?
exactly 21 substances
31
Wrote the encyclopedic “De Materia Medica"
Dioscorides
32
Authored the book “A Mechanical Account of Poisons in Several Essays”
Richard Mead
33
Authored the book “De Morbis Artificum Diatriba” (A Treatise on the Diseases of Workers)
Bernardino Ramazzini
34
Richard Mead book
A Mechanical Account of Poisons in Several Essays
35
Bernardino Ramazzini
De Morbis Artificum Diatriba (A Treatise on the Diseases of Workers)
36
Authored the essay “Chirurgical Observations Relative to the Cataract, the Polypus of the Nose, the Cancer of the Scrotum “
Percivall Pott
37
Said that there is a connection between the job of chimney sweepers to the scrotum cancer.
Percivall Pott
38
His work led to the understanding of homeostasis.
Claude Bernard
39
Studied the toxicological effects of opium, atropine, strychnine, and nicotine.
Claude Bernard
40
Toxic substance in Castor beans
Ricin
41
Castor beans
Ricinus communis
42
Ricin MOT
inhibits protein production
43
Nux vomica seed toxin
Strychnine
44
Strychnine
Strychnos nux-vomica
45
Strychnine MOT
inhibits glycine leading to seizure
46
Mushroom (Amanita muscaria)
Muscarine
47
Muscarine MOT
muscarinic/cholinergic effects (DUMBELSS)
48
Pb toxicity
Plumbism
49
Plumbism antidote
EDTA
50
Ag toxicity
Argyria
51
Argyria antidote
NaCl in the form of NSS
52
Pb toxicity half-life
2 months
53
Ag toxicity half-life
52 days
54
This provides necessary information for safety evaluation and regulatory requirements.
Descriptive Toxicology
55
concerned with elucidating the mechanisms by which chemicals exert their toxic effects on living organisms
Mechanistic Toxicology
56
It aims to identify the molecular events that leads to the manifestation of toxic effects
Mechanistic Toxicology
57
basis of data provided by the descriptive toxicologist if a drug or other chemical possesses a sufficiently low risk to be marketed for a stated purpose
Regulatory Toxicology
58
3 Main Areas in Toxicology
Descriptive, Mechanistic, Regulatory (DMR)
59
hybrid of analytic chemistry and fundamental toxicological principles
Forensic Toxicology
60
It is concerned with the medico-legal aspects of the harmful effects of chemicals on humans.
Forensic Toxicology
61
Examples of Regulatory Toxicology
FDA, DOH, WHO, ICH
62
Deals within the realm of medical science concerned with disease caused by, or uniquely associated with toxic substances.
Clinical Toxicology
63
Clinical toxicologists develop antidotes and treatment regimens for ameliorating poisoning and xenobiotic injury
Clinical Toxicology
64
Most clinical toxicologists work in hospitals and have close links with university clinical pharmacology departments
Clinical Toxicology
65
focuses on the impacts of chemical pollutants found in the environment on biological organisms
Environmental Toxicology
66
Studies chemicals that are contaminants of food, water, soil or the air
Environmental Toxicology
67
Study the effect of xenobiotics in the environment, which may include the animals
Environmental Toxicology
68
Deals with the chemicals found in the workplace.
Occupational Toxicology
69
Study of adverse effects that is due to chemicals encountered at work.
Occupational Toxicology
70
The major emphasis of _______________ is to identify the agents of concern, define the conditions leading to their safe use, and prevent absorption of harmful amounts.
Occupational Toxicology

PHCT (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions