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BIOSTAT > INVESTIGATION OF EPIDEMICS > Flashcards

INVESTIGATION OF EPIDEMICS Flashcards

1
Q

○ Disease occurs regularly and at a more or less constant level

A

Endemic

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2
Q

o Occurs in isolated cases

A

Sporadic

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3
Q

○ Unusual occurrence of a disease

A

Epidemic

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4
Q

○ epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries and are usually affecting a large number of people

A

Pandemic

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5
Q

○ Disease occurring in an animal population in a more or less constant level

A

Enzootic

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6
Q

○ Disease outbreak in animal population

A

Epizootic

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7
Q

○ Is an epizootic (an outbreak of an infectious disease of animals) that spreads across a large region (for example a continent), or even worldwide

A

Panzootic

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8
Q

Collaborative efforts of multiple disciplines working nationally, globally, and locally to obtain optimal health for people, animals, and environment.

A

One health approach

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9
Q

A = Agent (causing agent)
H = Host (people)
E = Environment

A

EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRIADS

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10
Q

○ List of specific criteria used to decide whether a person has the disease of concern or not
○ Not the same as clinical diagnosis

A

Epidemiologic Case

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11
Q

Establishes consistent criteria that enable epidemiologic investigations to proceed before definitive diagnoses are available

A

Epidemiologic Case

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12
Q

● The epidemic should be a characterized by____________________ using the criteria in the case definition

A

time, place, and person

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13
Q

○ Useful in knowing the type of exposure and the time when the affected persons were exposed

A

Epidemic Time Curve

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14
Q

Epidemic time curve has a prolonged, irregular pattern (propagated outbreak)

A

Person-to-Person Spread

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15
Q

● Geographic clustering of cases may provide important information about the epidemic

A

PLACE

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16
Q

Map showing the geographic location of people with a specific attribute, for example, cases of an infectious disease

A

Spot map

17
Q

Limited use because these maps show only the number of cases (numerator),, and no number of persons in the area (denominator)

A

Spot map

18
Q

● Characteristics of persons affected that may help clarify the problem and its cause

A

PERSON

19
Q

○ The person (index or primary case) or vehicle (e.g., food, water) that initially brought the infection into the affected community

A

Source of Infection

20
Q

○ Movement of the transmission of pathogens from a reservoir to a susceptible host

A

Mode of Transmission

20
Q

○ Movement of the transmission of pathogens from a reservoir to a susceptible host

A

Mode of Transmission

20
Q

○ Movement of the transmission of pathogens from a reservoir to a susceptible host

A

Mode of Transmission

21
Q

Respiratory, fecal-oral, vector-bone, skin-tos-skin, exchange of serum or body fluids, fomites

A

Mode of Transmission

22
Q

○ How the infection is carried from source to the infected individuals

A

Pattern of Spread

23
Q

○ Common, efficient way of testing hypotheses

A

Case-Control Studies

24
Q
  • persons without the disease
A

Control

25
Q
  • persons with the disease
A

Case

26
Q

○ Modification of the environment
○ Removing the pathogenic agent

A

Sanitation

27
Q

(removing the human source from the population)

A

Quarantine

28
Q

(removing susceptible people from source)

A

Evacuation

29
Q

○ Putting a barrier to the infection such as vaccines or drugs (e.g., antimalarial drugs)

A

Prophylaxis

30
Q

○ Performed for infected persons so that they do not spread the disease to others

A

Diagnosis and Treatment

31
Q

Hierarchy of controls (ESEAP)

A

Elimination
Sibstitution
Engineering Controls
Administrative Controls
PPE

32
Q

○ To detect subsequent outbreaks
○ Evaluating effect of control measures

A

Follow-up surveillance

BIOSTAT (25 decks)

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