Ionic Bonding Flashcards
What are the ionic properties of metals?
High melting/boiling point, hard, brittle, non-conductors as solids, conductors as liquids
How are ions bonded in a solid form?
In a giant lattice structure and are not free to move
How are ions bonded in a molten form?
They are free to move and conduct electricity
What must occur in order for substances to be able to conduct electricity?
They must contain charged particles which are free to move
What are polyatomic ions?
When two or more atoms are covalently bonded and act as single units, such as phosphate or nitrate
What does the Octet Rule state?
Atoms will react in order to obtain 8 valence electrons
What is the exception to the octet rule?
Hydrogen, which has a maximum of 2 electrons in its shell
What is the relationship between the octet rule and bonds?
The number of electrons the atom needs to complete the octet, equals the number of total bonds it makes
What is the trend of atomic radius in the periodic table?
It increases down a group and decreases across a period
What is the relationship between core charge and atomic radius?
As core charge increases, atomic radius decreases
What is the relationship between number of shells and atomic radius?
As the number of shells increases, atomic radius increases
What do metal atoms form?
Positively charged ions called cation, because they donate electrons
What do non-metal atoms form?
Negatively charged ions called anions, because they gain electrons
What is the rule for donating electrons?
Metals always donate electrons to non-metals
What do ionic compounds form?
Crystal lattices resulting from the regular 3D arrangement of cations and anions
