IP Addressing

Question 1

ipv4

Answer 1

32 bits

4-bit octets

Question 2

subnet mask

Answer 2

defines network portion 
network = 1 = 255
host = 0 
ex: 1.2.3.4 w/ 255.255.255.0
network = 1.2.3
host = 4

Question 3

class a

Answer 3

first octet: 1-126
255.0.0.0
/8

Question 4

class b

Answer 4

first octet: 128-191
255.255.0.0
/16

Question 5

class c

Answer 5

first octet: 192-223
255.255.255.0
/24

Question 6

class d

Answer 6

first octet: 224-239
n/a
n/a

Question 7

private ips

Answer 7

used by anyone
not routable outside network

class a: 10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255
class b: 172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255
class c: 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255

Question 8

nat

Answer 8

network address translation
allows for routing of private ips through a public ip
how most home networks work

Question 9

loopback ip

Answer 9

ipv4 127.0.0.0/8

ipv6 ::1/128

Question 10

apipa

Answer 10

automatic private ip addresses
dynamically assigned by os when dhcp server is unavailable
169.254.0.0/16

Question 11

vip/vipa

Answer 11

virtual ip/address

ip that does not correlate to an actual physical network interface

Question 12

subinterfaces

Answer 12

virtual interface that is created by dividing up one physical interface into multiple logical interfaces

Question 13

unicast

Answer 13

ipv4 and ipv6

data travels from a single source to single destination

Question 14

multicast

Answer 14

ipv4 and ipv6

data travels from a single source to multiple but specific destinations

Question 15

broadcast

Answer 15

just ipv4

data travels from a single source to all devices on a destination network

Question 16

static ip assignment

Answer 16

simple, time consuming, prone to human error, impractical for large network

Question 17

dynamic ip assignment

Answer 17

quicker, easier, less confusing, simplistic for large networks

Question 18

components of dhcp

Answer 18

ip addr
subnet mask
default gateway
dns or wins server

wins: windows internet name service - converts netbios computer name into ip addr

Question 19

dhcp

Answer 19

dynamic host configuration protocol
assigns ip from an available scope
can use ip addr management software to keep track of those assigned
ip, subnet mask, default gateway, dns
each is given ttl and returned to pool when expired

Question 20

subnetting

Answer 20

default classful subnet masks are not always the best choice
borrow bits from host portion and add them to network
more efficient, more security, bandwidth control

Question 21

/25

Answer 21

255.255.255.128 –> 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000
2 subnet
128 ips

Question 22

/26

Answer 22

255.255.255.192 –> 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000
4 subnet
64 ips

Question 23

/27

Answer 23

255.255.255.224 –> 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000
8 subnet
32 ips

Question 24

/28

Answer 24

255.255.255.240 –> 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
16 subnet
16 ips

Question 25

/29

Answer 25

255.255.255.248 --> 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000 32 subnet 8 ips

Question 26

/30

Answer 26

255.255.255.252 --> 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100 64 subnet 4 ips

Question 27

subnetting formulas

Answer 27

number of created subnets = 2^s *s = # of borrowed bits number of assignable ips = 2^h -2 *h = # of host bits why subtract 2? require 2 for network id (first) and broadcast ip (last) total ips vs available ips(subtract network and broadcast)

Question 28

cidr

Answer 28

classless interdomain routing multiple routes can be displayed as single address aka route aggregation

Question 29

vlsm

Answer 29

variable-length subnet masking allows subnets of varous sizes requires routing protocols : ripv2, ospf, is-is, eigrp, bgp

Question 30

ipv6

Answer 30

``` were running out of ipv4 340 undecillion addresses no broadcasts or fragmentation smaller header than ipv4 can coexist with ipv4 128bit 32 hex digits -> 8 sets of 4 hex digits ex: 2018:0:0:0000:0:000:1234:ae44 condense 0s --> 2018::1234:ae44 ```

Question 31

slaac

Answer 31

stateless address autoconfiguration dhcp for ipv6 Discovers the current network that an interface is located on and then select its own host ID based on its MAC address using the EUI64 process

Question 32

ndp

Answer 32

neighbor discovery protocol ipv6 version of arp and broadcast; used to learn layer 2 addresses router solicitation - host sends message to find routers router advertisement - router advertise periodically and in response to solicitation neighbor solicitation - used by nodes to determine mac addr neighbor advertisement - used by nodes to respond to solicitation redirect - routers tell host of better first hop routers

Question 33

anycast

Answer 33

for ipv6 | let one host initiate updating of router tables for a group of hosts