IPA and Voicing Flashcards
(75 cards)
1
Q
[θ]
A
Thigh
2
Q
ʧ
A
Chill
3
Q
ʃ
A
Fissure
4
Q
ʍ
A
“Which “
Bilabial (velar), voiceless, glide
5
Q
v
A
Veal
6
Q
ð
A
Thy
Voiced interdental fricative
7
Q
ʤ
A
Jill
8
Q
ʒ
A
Vi>s<ion
9
Q
w
A
Witch
10
Q
ŋ
A
Ring
Velar, voiced, nasal
11
Q
ɹ
A
Reef
12
Q
i
A
Beet
13
Q
e
A
Bait
14
Q
u
A
Boot
15
Q
o
A
Boat
16
Q
æ
A
Bat
17
Q
ʌ
A
Butt
18
Q
aj
A
My
19
Q
ej
A
Day
20
Q
ɪ
A
Bit
21
Q
ɛ
A
Bet
22
Q
ʊ
A
Foot
23
Q
ɔ
A
Bore
24
Q
a
A
Bar
25
ə
The
26
aw
Bout
27
ɔj
Boy
28
ow
Road
29
No obstruction in vocal cords
Voiced
The shape of the mouth and position of the tongue
Vowels
30
Key aspects of vowel production
• Tongue height (high, mid, low)
• Tongue position (front, central, back)
• Lip rounding (rounded, unrounded
31
[i] as in see →
High front unrounded
32
[æ] as in cat →
Low front unfounded
33
[U] as in food →
High back rounded
34
• significant obstruction of airflow in the vocal tract
• Voice or voiceless
• place of articulation (where the obstruction occurs) and manner of articulation (how the airflow is obstructed
Consonants
35
Key aspects of consonant production
• Place of articulation (bilabial, velar, ...)
• Manner of articulation (stop, fricative, ...)
• Voicing (whether the vocal cords vibrate
36
[p] as in pet
Voiceless bilabial stop
37
[s] as in sit →
Voiceless alveolar fricative
38
[m] as in man →
Voiced bilabial nasal
39
(single, one vowel sounds)
[sit] seat
Monophthongs
40
(combination of two vowel sounds)
[aɪ] eye
Diphthongs
41
Diphthongs can also involve a...
Vowel followed by a glide
[j] yes [ w] we
42
• small marks added to a phonetic symbol to indicate a modification in the way the sound is produced.
• represent natural speech.
• indicate minor changes in the pronunciation of some sound.
• help provide more detail in transcription (narrow transcription
Diacritics
43
Common diacritics in English
Aspiration
Unreleased stops
Nasalization
Syllabic liquids and nasals
Dark -I (velarized I)
44
Dicritic: A superscript [ʰ] after English voiceless stops [p,t,k]
Meaning: there is a puff of air when the sound is released
Aspiration
45
English voiceless stops are aspirated when they occur at the
beginning of a syllable that is word-initial or stressed. Primary and secondary stress
46
Dicritic: a small [ ˺ ] symbol placed after a stop consonant
Meaning: indicates that the stop is not fully released in word-final position
cap [kʰæp ̚]
• cat [kʰæt ̚]
• wood [wʊd ̚]
Unreleased stops
47
Dicritic: A tilde[ ̃]placed above the nasalized vowel
Meaning: the vowel is nasalized because it is followed by a nasal consonant
The diacritic used for nasalization is [ ˜ ] over the vowel which precedes the nasal consonant
Nasalization
48
Dicritic: A small vertical line [ ̩] placed beneath a liquid or nasal
Meaning: Indicates that the sound serves as the nucleus of the syllable, effectively replacing a vowel
Syllabic liquids Ar nasals
49
Liquids [l], [ɹ] and nasals [m], [n] are more ______than other consonants
Sonorous
50
Syllabic liquids or nasals • Generally, these occur after
a consonant and replace [ə]
51
[bʌtn̩]
Button
52
[tʰejbl̩]
Table
53
[bʌtɚ] or [bʌtɹ̩]
Butter
54
[hɹ̩] or [hɚ]
Her
55
Dicritic: A tilde-like symbol [ɫ] through the middle of the [l]
Meaning: [l] is produced with the back of the tongue raised towards the velum, making it a "dark l
Velarized or dark [l]
56
Velarized or dark [l] • /l/ is influenced by
Vowel environment
57
/l/ is light when followed by a _____, otherwise it is dark [ɫ]
Vowel
58
[pʰɪɫ]
Pill
59
Uses only the phonemes of a language, without showing too much detail
Broad transcription
60
Gives more detailed information about pronunciation
Narrow transcription
61
Broad transcription Uses only the phonemes of a language, without showing too much detail
Phonemic transcription
62
Narrow transcription Gives more detailed information about pronunciation
Phonetic transcription
63
Diacritics are used in _______ transcription only
Narrow
64
/pɑt/
Broad transcription
65
[pʰɑt̚]
Narrow transcription
66
a small unit of sound in speech that usually contains a vowel (or syllabic consonant) and often consonants
Syllables
67
Each syllable has 3 key parts
Onset
Nucleus
Coda
68
Syllables can be represented by_________, where C stands for consonant and V for vowel.
• the nucleus is almost always a vowel (or syllabic consonant), while the onset and coda are consonants
CV structure
69
CV → me [mi]
CVC → cat [kæt]
CCVC→ stop [stɑp]
CVCC → milk [mɪlk]
Common syllable structures
70
beginning of the syllable, before the nucleus
• may be empty (Ø)
• any consonants (depending on the language)
• single consonant onset: day
• consonant cluster onset: play
Onset
71
the ending of the syllable, after the nucleus
• may be empty (Ø)
• any consonant (restricted by language)
• single consonant coda: hat
• consonant cluster coda: hand
• consonant clusters + suffix coda: hands
Coda
72
How to draw a syllable tree?
Step one: find the nucleus
Next Step: identify the onset and coda
73
If a syllable has a coda e.g. hat, man, admit
Closed syllable
74
if a syllable does not have a coda e.g. she, play, April
Open syllable
75
Stress is the relative _____ given to certain syllables in a word (or certain words in a phrase
Emphasis
