Lecture 1

Question 1

Linguistics is the study of

Answer 1

Language

Question 2

Linguistics studies three things about language

Answer 2

How they work
How they are structured
How they are used in communication

Question 3

The study of how languages have changed through time
• The relationships of languages to each other

Answer 3

Historical linguistics

Question 4

The application of the methods and results of linguistics to such areas as : • language teaching • language pathology (speech therapy, audiology) • national language policies • lexicography • translation • language in politics, advertising, classrooms, courts, etc

Answer 4

Applied linguistics

Question 5

The study of interrelationship between language and culture (particularly in the context of non-Western cultures and societies

Answer 5

Anthropological linguistics

Question 6

The study of interrelationship between language and culture (particularly in the context of non-Western cultures and societies

Answer 6

Sociolinguistics

Question 7

The study of the interrelationship of language and cognitive structures
• The acquisition of language

Answer 7

Psycholinguistics

Question 8

The study of the brain and how it functions in the production, perception and acquisition of language
• Looks at loss of language due to brain injury, disease, etc

Answer 8

Neurolinguistics

Question 9

the articulation and perception of sounds

Answer 9

Phonetics

Question 10

the patterning of speech sounds

Answer 10

Phonology

Question 11

the formation of words

Answer 11

Morphology

Question 12

the interpretation of words and sentences

Answer 12

Semantics

Question 13

the formation of sentences

Answer 13

Syntax

Question 14

Articulatory phonetics • Acoustic phonetics • Auditory phonetics

Answer 14

Phonetics Main branches

Question 15

When you want to speak, the muscles of your larynx contract, bringing your vocal cords (also called vocal folds) closer together, leaving just a small gap between them. This gap is known as the glottis.

Answer 15

Vocal cord action

Question 16

As you exhale, air is pushed from the lungs through the narrow space between the vocal cords. This causes the surrounding air to vibrate. The vibration creates a sound wave in the air, which travels up through the vocal tract

Answer 16

Phonation (sound creation)

Question 17

When you breathe in, air flows through your nose or mouth, down the trachea, and into your lungs. During normal breathing, your vocal cords are wide open, allowing air to pass silently through the larynx (voice box

Answer 17

Articulation

Question 18

When you breathe in, air flows through your nose or mouth, down the trachea, and into your lungs. During normal breathing, your vocal cords are wide open, allowing air to pass silently through the larynx (voice box)

Answer 18

Airflow

Question 19

For voiced sounds like [z] or [b], the vocal cords vibrate. For voiceless sounds like [s] or [p], the vocal cords stay open, allowing air to pass without vibration, and the sound is shaped by how the air is interrupted by other articulators

Answer 19

Voiced/voiceless:

Question 20

both lips (bilabial) come together and briefly stop the airflow
vocal cords vibrate as air is released from the closure

Answer 20

[b]

Question 21

the tip of the tongue touches the alveolar ridge (the ridge just behind your upper front teeth), stopping the airflow.
vocal cords vibrate as air is released from the closure

Answer 21

[d]

Question 22

the back of the tongue touches the velum (the soft part of the roof of your mouth toward the back) and stops the airflow.
the vocal cords vibrate as air is released from the closure

Answer 22

[g]