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International Relations > IR 002: Lecture 20 > Flashcards

IR 002: Lecture 20 Flashcards

1
Q

What year did the US recognize Afghanistan as a independent country?

A

1921

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2
Q

How did the US provide assistance to Afghanistan during the cold war?

A
  • Arms
  • Development projects (dams, schools, roads, etc.)
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3
Q

Did the US or the Soviet Union have a larger influence in Afghanistan during the Cold War?

A

The Soviet Union

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4
Q

How did the US respond to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?

A

The US supported the Afghanistan resistance

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5
Q

What year did the Soviet Union invade Afghanistan?

A

1979

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6
Q

Why did the US fear a Soviet invasion of the Middle East?

A
  • Middle East provided 25% of US oil imports
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7
Q

What was the covert US intervention against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?

A

Mujahideen (Holy Warriors)

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8
Q

Why is the Soviet-Afghan war so important?

A
  • First global Holy War
  • Afghanistans radicalization
  • Pakistan radicalization
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9
Q

What was the outcome of the Soviet- Afghan war?

A
  • The Soviet Union withdrew
  • A Civil war began in Afghanistan from 1992-1996
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10
Q

What year did the Soviet Union withdraw from Afghanistan?

A

1989

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11
Q

How did the US respond to the Soviet Union’s withdraw from Afghanistan?

A
  • US lost interest in Afghanistan
  • No assistance during the Afghan Civil War
  • No economic assistance
  • Let Pakistan and Saudi Arabia support local radicals
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12
Q

When was the Taliban created?

A

1994

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13
Q

When did the Taliban take control of Kabul?

A

1996

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14
Q

What lead to the degradation of the US -Taliban Relationship?

A
  • Talibans treatment of women
  • Drug trafficking
  • The rise of Al Qaeda
  • 9/11
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15
Q

How did 9/11 result in the launch of “Operation Enduring Freedom”?

A

1) US war on terror
2) Taliban refuses to hand over Bin Laden
3) US begins its intervention in Afghanistan

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16
Q

Why did the US only send a few thousand troops to Afghanistan initially?

A
  • No Soviet-like entanglement
  • Anticipated an easy victory
  • Thinking about a war in Iraq
17
Q

What lead to an initially quick victory

A
  • US Air Strikes
  • Cooperation with the Northern Alliance’s Warlords
  • Retook Kabul in November of 2001
  • Inexpensive war
  • Only 56 American casualties
  • US troops welcomed in many areas
18
Q

How did the initial US operation in Afghanistan fail?

A
  • Bin Laden escaped to Pakistan in December of 2001 (Battle of Tora Bora)
  • No enough US troops
  • Mullah Omar escapes to Pakistan
19
Q

What policies did the US set in Afghanistan after December of 2001?

A
  • Attempted to democratize Afghanistan (2004: The new Constitution and presidential elections)
20
Q

Why did the US struggle to democratize Afghanistan?

A
  • Ethnic rivalries
  • Insecurity
  • Underdevelopment
  • Religious traditionalism
  • Hostility to foreign interference
21
Q

What are the two main arguments why the US failed to democratize Afghanistan?

A

1) The US and its allies did not do enough
2) The US and its allies could not succeed due to to many obstacles and ambiguities

22
Q

What are examples of challenges Afghanistans society faced?

A
  • 40% of the weapons supplied in 2004 disappeared by 2014
  • 2/3 without adequate sanitation
  • 50% of children were malnourished
  • More than half of marriages involved girls under the age of 16
23
Q

How did the Taliban gradually resurge in 2001?

A
  • Suicide missions growing from 1 in 2002 to 136 in 2006
  • Armed attacks beginning in 2005
  • US/NATO Death toll rising from 60 in 2004 to 295 in 2008
24
Q

What was Obamas approach to the Afghan war in 2009?

A
  • Sent 33,000 US troops and 5,500 NATO troops
  • Goals: Reverse the Talibans momentum, Kill al-Qaeda terrorist, Train the Afghan Army and Police, and Reduce Kabuls corruption
25
Q

What was the results of the US strategy in 2009?

A
  • The surge ended dafter 18 months
  • The strategy was flawed
26
Q

What happened after the US killed Bin Laden in May of 2011?

A
  • Al Qaeda survived
  • Rise in the number of Taliban attacks (high-profile attacks on US embassy and NATO headquarters)
  • Emergence of ISIS-Khorasan
27
Q

Why did the Afghan support for the US begin to decline?

A
  • Military occupation/blunders
  • Growing civilian casualties
  • Association with Kabuls corrupt regime
28
Q

What was Trumps approach to the Afghan war in 2017?

A
  • New surge of 3,900 troops (14000 US troops and 6600 Allies)
29
Q

What was the US-Taliban Peace deal in February of 2020?

A
  • The US withdraws in 14 months
  • Intra-Afghan negotiations would follow
    -Taliban would “prevent any group or individual, including al-Qa‘ida, from using the soil of Afghanistan to threaten the security of the US”
30
Q

What was Bidens approach to the Afghan war in 2021?

A
  • Announced the withdraw of the US in 2021 (recognized the war could not be won)
  • The Afghan regime unravels (Taliban entered Kabul)
31
Q

What were critiques against Bidens withdraw?

A
  • Rushed process
  • No consultations with allies
  • Thousands of Afghans who worked for the US were left behind
32
Q

What are the current challenges and tragedies in Afghanistan?

A
  • 97% of Afghans suffering from poverty
  • 22.8M facing acute malnutrition
  • No school for most girls
  • Women barred from returning to their jobs

International Relations (26 decks)

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