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IS LEC PRELIM > IS Lymphocytes and Lymphoid Organs > Flashcards

IS Lymphocytes and Lymphoid Organs Flashcards

1
Q
  • primary cell involved in the immune response
  • matures in the primary lymphoid organs
A

Lymphocytes

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2
Q

?% of circulating WBCs does lymphocytes represent

A

20-40%

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3
Q

size of lymphocytes?

A

7-10 um

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4
Q

round; large, w/ dense chromatin that stains deep blue

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

sparse, few organelles, no specific granules, light blue staining

A

Cytoplasm

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6
Q

what are the primary lymphoid organs?

A

Bone Marrow and Thymus

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7
Q
  • primary site of hematopoiesis
  • site of B cell development
  • main source of HSCs
A

Bone Marrow

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8
Q
  • found in the thorax, inferior to the thyroid gland and anterior to the heart
  • site of T cell development
A

Thymus

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9
Q
  • where lymphocytes spends most of its lifespan
  • sites of antigen-dependent lymphopoiesis
A

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

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10
Q
  • indiscriminate filter of the blood
  • largest secondary lymphoid organ
A

Spleen

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11
Q

where is the spleen located?

A

Upper left quadrant of the abdomen

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12
Q

graveyard of old and dying RBCs

A

Red Pulp

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13
Q

contains lymphoid tissues arranged around arterioles in a periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS)

A

White Pulp

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14
Q
  • Main function: filtration
  • central collecting points for lymph fluid from adjacent tissues
  • located along lymphatic ducts
A

Lymph Nodes

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15
Q

main function of lymph nodes?

A

Filtration

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16
Q

found in gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogenital tracts

A

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

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17
Q

responds to pathogens entering the respiratory and alimentary tracts

A

Tonsils

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18
Q

association of intra-epidermal lymphocytes (mostly T cells)

A

Cutaneous-associated lymphoid tissue

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19
Q

antigen contact in the lymph nodes leads to lymphocyte proliferation and activation of other cells, causing lymphadenitis

A

Lymphadenopathy

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20
Q
  • rearrangement of genes that code for the heavy & light chains
  • antigen-independent phase
A

Pro-B cell

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21
Q

what chromosome?
heavy chain

A

Chromosome 14

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22
Q

what chromosome?
light chain

A

Chromosome 2 and 22

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23
Q

systhesis of heavy chain in?

A

cytoplasm

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24
Q

expresses μ heavy chain associated with 2 “surrogate light chains”

A

Pre-B cell

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25
Q
  • complete IgM on cell surface
  • self-antigens send a negative signal to these cells
  • self-reactive cells are destroyed by apoptosis
A

Immature b cell

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26
Q

what kind of signal is sent to the cells by self-antigens?

A

Negative

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27
Q

rearrangement of genes in either what chromosome?

A

Chromosome 2 or 22

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28
Q
  • they mature as marginal zone B cells or follicular B cells
  • expresses IgD
A

Mature Naive B cell

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29
Q

marginal zone B cells reamin where?

A

Spleen

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30
Q

migrates to lymph nodes and other lymphoid organs

A

Follicular B cells

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31
Q

where does follicular B cells migrate?

A

lymph nodes and other lymphoid organs

32
Q
  • spherical or ellipsoidal cells
  • eccentric nucleus, heavily clumped chromatin
  • found either in the bone marrow or germinal centers
A

Plasma cells

33
Q

produce cytokines allowing plasma cells to be long-lived

A

Stromal cells in Bone Marrow

34
Q

size of plasma cells

A

10-20 um

35
Q

B cell development

A
  1. Pro B cell
  2. Pre B cell
  3. Immature B cell
  4. Mature B cell
  5. Activated B cell
  6. Plasma cell
36
Q

Stages of T cell differentiation

A
  1. Double negative Thymocyte
  2. Double Positive Thymocyte
  3. Single Positive Thymocyte
  4. Mature Naive T cells
  5. Activated T cells
37
Q
  • actively proliferate in the outer cortex under the influence of IL-7
  • rearrangement of TCR gene begins here
A

Double-negative thymocytes

38
Q

thymocytes lack?

A

CD4 and CD8

39
Q
  • express both CD4 and CD8 surface markers
  • rearrangement of alpha chain genes begin here
A

Double-positive thymocytes

40
Q

thymocytes with functional TCR-CD3 complex will be allowed to survive

A

Positive Selection

41
Q

selection of thymocytes that will interact with host cell MHC molecules

A

MHC Selection

42
Q
  • only 1-3% of thymocytes survive here
  • negative selection and clonal deletion occurs here
A

Single-positive thymocytes

43
Q

thymocytes with strong reactions with self-peptides other than MHC antigens are eliminated through apoptosis

A

Negative selection

44
Q

the process of eliminating clones of T cells that is capable of an autoimmune response

A

Clonal deletion

45
Q

?% of thymocytes survive?

A

1-3%

46
Q
  • exhibit only 1 type of marker (CD4 or CD8).
  • have a lifespan of several years
A

Mature naive T cells

47
Q

mature naive T cells exhibit only 1 type of marker ? or ?

A

CD4 or CD8

48
Q

mature naive T cells reticulates every?

A

12-24 hours

49
Q

CD4+ T cells (T helper cells) reacts wt?

A

MHC class II

50
Q

CD8+ T cells (T cytotoxic cells) reacts wt?

A

MHC class I

51
Q

Heterodimer of two polypeptide chain (alpha and beta) covalently bonded by disulfide bonds

A

T Cell Receptor

52
Q

heterodimer of 2 polypeptide chain by T cell receptor are?

A

Alpha and Beta Chain

53
Q

T cell receptor are expressed by both?

A

CD4 and CD8

54
Q

rearrangement of beta chain?

A

Chromosome 7

55
Q

rearrangement of alpha chain?

A

Chromosome 14

56
Q

group of proteins that are physically associated with TCR?

A

CD3 complex

57
Q

consists of a delta chain, gamma chain, zeta chains

A

CD3 complex

58
Q

ensures cell surface expression of TCR

A

CD3 complex

59
Q

3 types of chains that consists of CD3 complex

A

Delta chain, Gamma chain, Zeta chains

60
Q

presenting antigens from intracellular pathogens

A

MHC class I molecule

61
Q

presenting antigens from extracellular pathogens

A

MHC class II molecule

62
Q

proliferate and produce cytokines

A

CD4 T cells

63
Q
  • antigen specific
  • bind and kill infected cells by inducing apoptosis
A

CD8 T cells

64
Q

2 signals that B cell requires

A
  1. Ag-sIg crosslinking
  2. B cell-Th cell binding through TCR and CD40 (B) and CD40L (T)
65
Q
  • activated B cells express CD25 (for IL-2)
  • migrates either to T cell zone or B cell follicles
  • leads to formation of plasma cells and memory B cells
A

Responses to TC-dependent antigens

66
Q
  • elicits antibody formation in the absence of T cell help
  • produces IgM only
  • almost no production of memory B cells
A

Responses to TC-independent antigens

67
Q

antibody kinetics to TC dependent antigens phases?

A
  1. Lag/Inductive/Latent
  2. Log/Exponential
  3. Plateau/Steady-state
  4. Decline/Decay
68
Q
  • gold standard in identifying lymphocytes
  • uses labeled monoclonal antibodies against surface markers
A

Flow Cytometry

69
Q

CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8

A

T cells

70
Q

CD19, CD21, CD22, sIg

A

B cells

71
Q

activates cytotoxic lymphocytes and macrophages

A

Th1

72
Q

help B cells produce antibodies

A

Th2

73
Q

produces IL-9 (proinflammatory)

A

Th9

74
Q

produces IL-17 and IL-22 (increase inflammation and joint destruction).

A

Th17

75
Q

suppresses immune responses to self-antigens.

A

T regulatory cell (Treg)

IS LEC PRELIM (6 decks)

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