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gastroenterology > Ischaemia to the Lower GI Tract > Flashcards

Ischaemia to the Lower GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 main conditions under ischaemia to the lower GI tract?

A
  • acute mesenteric ischaemia
  • chronic mesenteric ischaemia
  • ischaemic colitis
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2
Q

mesenteric ischaemia or ischaemic colitis

small bowel

A

mesenteric ischaemia

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3
Q

mesenteric ischaemia or ischaemic colitis

large bowel

A

ischaemic colitis

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4
Q

mesenteric ischaemia or ischaemic colitis

due to emoblism

A

mesenteric ischaemia

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5
Q

mesenteric ischaemia or ischaemic colitis

multifactorial in nature

A

ischaemic colitis

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6
Q

mesenteric ischaemia or ischaemic colitis

sudden onset, severe symptoms

A

mesenteric ischaemia

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7
Q

mesenteric ischaemia or ischaemic colitis

transient, less severe symptoms. bloody diarrhoea

A

ischaemic colitis

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8
Q

mesenteric ischaemia or ischaemic colitis

‘thumbprinting’

A

ischaemic colitis

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9
Q

mesenteric ischaemia or ischaemic colitis

high mortality which requires urgent surgery

A

mesenteric ischaemia

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10
Q

mesenteric ischaemia or ischaemic colitis

conservative management

A

ischaemic colitis

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11
Q

what are the common risk factors for ischaemic GI tract?

A
  • increasing age
  • atrial fibrillation
  • other causes of emboli
  • cardiovascular disease risk factors - smoking, hypertension, diabetes
  • cocaine
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12
Q

mesenteric ischaemia or ischaemic colitis

young patients with ischaemic bowel following cocaine use

A

ischaemic colitis

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13
Q

what are the common features of ischaemic bowel?

A
  • abdominal pain
  • rectal bleeding
  • diarrhoea
  • fever
  • lactic acidosis
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14
Q

what is the investigation of choice in ischaemic bowel?

A

CT

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15
Q

what is acute mesenteric ischaemia caused by?

A
  • emoblism - e.g. superior mesenteric artery
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16
Q

what is the typical presentation of chronic mesenteric ischaemia?

A
  • ‘intestinal angina’
  • colickly, intermittent abdominal pain
17
Q

what is ischaemic colitis?

A
  • transient compromise in the blood flow to the large bowel
  • lead to inflammation, ulceration and haemorrhage
18
Q

where does ischaemic colitis typically occur?

A

‘watershed’ areas
splenic flexure

located at the borders of the terriotry supplied by superior and inferior mesenteric arteries

19
Q

what investigation can be done in ischaemic colitis?

A

x-ray
* ‘thumbprinting’ due to mucosal oedema/haemorrhage

gastroenterology (20 decks)

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