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Islam Test Review Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

islam

A

submission

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2
Q

muslim

A

submits to allah

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3
Q

allah

A

name for god

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4
Q

language

A

arabic (language muhammad received the qur’an from god)

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5
Q

Caliph

A
  • supreme religious and political leader of an islamic state (caliphate)
  • ruler of islamic Ummah (community) and political successor of muhammad
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6
Q

sunni vs shia

A

Sunni - elected
Shia - blood descendant of muhammad

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7
Q

5 pillars of islam with arabic (rules muslims follow in their daily lives)

A
  1. witnessing - shahadah
  2. Prayer - salat
  3. Charity - zakah
  4. Fasting - sawm
  5. pilgrimage - Hajj
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8
Q

witnessing - shadhadah

A
  • Muslim statement of belief - declaration of faith
  • “There is no god but god and muhammad is the messenger of god”
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9
Q

prayer - salat (how many times a day, iman, friday service, sermon, minaret)

A

-Offering of prayers is mandatory
-Pray 5 times a day
-Face the Ka’bah in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
-Iman - worship leader of a mosque and muslim community
-Muslim Friday prayer service (Jum’ah)
-friday is the most important (mandatory for men), a sermon (khutbah) followed by congregational prayer held in the mosque
-minaret: call to prayer sent out from tower

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10
Q

friday mandatory prayer service (Jum’ah) mineret, wudu, ablution

A
  • minaret: call to prayer
  • wudu: making pure or radiant
  • ablution: ritual cleansing performed before performing salat prayers, physical and spiritual purity
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11
Q

charity - zakah

A
  • Obligatory charity giving is an act of worship and spiritual investment
  • Muslims pay 2.5% of their net income for charity
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12
Q

Fasting - sawm

A
  • Abstain from eating, drinking, sexual contact from dawn to sunset
  • Sincere love to god
  • During 9th month, Ramadan, when the qur’an was revealed to muhammad
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13
Q

Islamic calendar (Hijra calendar)

A

lunar calendar, 12 months, 354 days, Ramadan moves every year, year 0 is 622 CE when Muhammad migrated from Mecca to Medina (event known as Hijra)

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14
Q

Pilgrimage - Hajj

A
  • Obligation to make the pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia at least once in a lifetime
  • Muslims all over world go to Mecca dressed in white (symbolizes equality), call of Allah
  • Commemorate rituals seen by prophet Abraham and son Ishmael, the first pilgrims to the house of Allah (the Ka’bah)
  • The Day of Judgement - once their soul passes into the afterlife, god will reconfigure their physical body to stand before him on the day of judgement, either go to paradise or hell
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15
Q

life of muhammad - Religious system

A
  • polytheism (believe in multiple gods), believe in Ka’bah, believe in idols

-Idolatry - the worship of different objects (sculptures and pictures), representing a specific spiritual quality

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16
Q

life of muhammad - Social system

A

tribal life, take over land and steal, rivalry and bloodshed, female infanticide (deliberate killing of female newborns)

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17
Q

life of muhammad - economic system

A

relied on trade, merchants were in danger of attack by tribal Arabs, rich loaned money to the poor with high interest rates, waged armed conflicts to settle family vendettas to avenge the murder of their own members, part of tribal honour system

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18
Q

birth of muhammad

A

570 - Birth of muhammad - born into quraysh (ruling tribe of Mecca), orphaned and raised by his uncle (Abu Talib)

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19
Q

muhammad 595

A

595 - Muhammad marries Khadijah (rich older widow), gains rep of “Al-Amin” the faithful

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20
Q

610- night of power

A

610 - the night of power - revelation (to reveal), Angel Gabriel appears to muhammad on Mount Hira, writes down the passage given to him (dictation), muhammad continues to have revelations, these become the Qur’an

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21
Q

619- year of sorrow

A

the year of sorrow. He loses both his wife and uncle, who provided him protections with their higher status. Now he is left sad and in danger

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22
Q

the night journey or ascension

A

Muhammad flies on a winged horse (Buraq) with Angel Gabriel from Mecca to Jerusalem through the 7 heavens. Muhammad reaches the Throne of God and gets closest to God anyone ever has before. Ascension is known as Mi’raj.
The dome of the rock is located in Jerusalem where ascension happened and is considered one of the most sacred places for Islam.

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23
Q

622 - Converts from Madinah offer Muhammad protection and he with 70 Meccans move there.

A

622 - Converts from Madinah offer Muhammad protection and he with 70 Meccans move there.
The Hijrah is the migration, Muhammad forms the Ummah or tribe of people who accept him as prophet, he becomes the official judge-arbiter of all tribes in Medina
624-630 - ummah raids to gain independent economic standing

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24
Q

battle of badr, battle of uhud, battle of the trench

A

Battle of Badr - Muhammad’s army of 313 defeats Mecca’s army of 1000

Battle of Uhud - Makkans return with an army of 3000 to victory but leave instead of killing off Muhammad

Battle of the Trench - Meccans come back with 10 000 men. Muhammad makes a trench to surprise attack and the Meccans are not able to take over

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25
jihad
Jihad can be translated to “holy war”, but accurately it means “striving”, striving to follow commands, the battles called on muhammad to defend medina and islam
26
630 - muhammad marches into Mecca with 10 000 men.
The city is taken without much force. All pagan idols and shrines in Mecca are destroyed. Celebrated in the Hajj pilgrimage
27
632 - muhammad dies at 63 after “warewell” pilgrimage to Mecca and “warefell sermon
632 - muhammad dies at 63 after “warewell” pilgrimage to Mecca and “warefell sermon”. Islam spreads throughout the Middle East, offered forgiveness and summarizing the core elements of islamic teaching, on mount arafat
28
abu bakr - 632 to 634
formed separate written chapters of the Qur'an into a consolidated compilation, solidified his leadership and suppressed arab tribes who saw the death of the prophet as an opportunity to turn against islam, continued muslim expansion initiated by the prophet in the middle east, close friend to muhammad
29
ali - 656 to 661
assumed leadership of a divided muslim community, was forced to defend his rule on the battlefield against the Umayyad family, marked the first time muslim rose against muslim in battle, cousin and son in law to muhammad, was assassinated in 661
30
noah - connection between islam, judaism, and christianity
*Islam* - noah warned people of error of their sinful ways, built an ark, survived the flood, rebuilt civilization, and shared new laws governing God’s creations *Judaism and christianity* believe in the same thing
31
Abraham - connection between islam, judaism and Christianity
-*Islam* - is one of the seven prophets who received scripture from God, mentioned multiple times in the Qur’an, taught people to abandon idolatry, proved to be the source of two prophetic families (his son Ismael and Ismael’s mother Hagar), gave people sense of moral and religious obligations -*Judaism and Christianity* - seen as patriarch of jewish faith, taught to worship god and not idolatry, believe hebrew line descends through Abraham's son Isaac, son of Sarah, he had two wives (Sarah and Hagar)
32
moses - connection between islam, judaism, and christianity
-*Islam* - Moses was sent to proclaim the one god to idolaters of egypt. Moses who is mentioned over 200 times in the qur’an is very highly regarded in islam, moses used miracles to demonstrate god’s power, received god’s law (ten commandments) -*Judaism and christianity* - agree w/ islam, moses was sent by god to free the Hebrews from slavery, lead them to the promised land.
33
jesus
- *Islam* - believe he was born miraculously by Mary, performed miracles, by denies he was appointed son of God, believe he did not die on the cross, nor die at all but ascended into heaven and will return to help humanity -*Judaism* - no formal view of jesus Christianity - son of god
34
muhammad
-*Islam* - “seal of the prophets”, last to convey god’s wisdom, highest spiritual prominence, completed all the teachings -*Judaism* - no formal view of muhammad -*Christianity* - no formal view of muhammad
35
Ka’bah
cube shaped structure in Mecca, the holiest site in Islam, muslims face it during prayer
36
Shahadah
islamic declaration of faith ”there is no god but allah, and muhammad is the messenger of allah”
37
Crescent moon and star
used as a cultural symbol of islam, not all muslim people use it, calender is based on the moon, will fast in relation to the moon, moon for goddess and star for mary, but was a well established symbol and was adopted by muslim nations
38
Dome of the rock
located in Jerusalem, commemorates the prophet muhammad’s night journey (Miraj)
39
green
the prophets favourite colour
40
mosque
place of worship
41
Qur’an
central religious text
42
Hadith
sayings, actions, and approvals of muhammad, used to explain the qur’an and guide practice
43
Eid al-Fitr
end of ramadan, celebrates breaking fast, first day of 10th month
44
Eid al-Adha
commemorates abrahams willingness to sacrifice his son, coincides with Hajj (Mecca being taken over), 10th day of 12th month, abraham’s submission to the will of god and his willingness to sacrifice his son ismael
45
maraj
celebrates the night journey, 27th day of 7th month
46
ramadan
holy month of fasting (sawn), prayer, reflection, 9th month of islamic calender, starts on a new crescent moon, ends on the next moon
47
Aqiqah
naming ceremony for newborns, include animal sacrifice and hair shaving
48
marriage
seen as a religious contract *Polygamy *- allowed up to 4 wives (if widowed a man can take care of them)
49
divorce
permitted but discouraged, involves legal and spiritual considerations and procedures
50
death
burial on the day the person passed, buried facing mecca, prayer performed
51
groups in islam - sunni, shia, sufi
-*Sunni* - largest branch, belief in elected leadership, emphasis on community consensus -*Shia* - believe in leadership (imams) should remain within the prophets family, Ali, distinct practices -*Sufi* - mystical branch focused on spiritual closeness to god, practices include remembrance, music, poetry, guidance
52
halal vs haram
-Halal - permitted actions/food -Haram - forbidden actions/food
53
Extremism
belief that only their ideas are right and may use violence or hate to get others to agree
54
Deconstruction
breaking down beliefs to understand where they come from and if they are really true
55
Politics
racism and laws, with a terrorist attack, a lot of stereotyping and racially motivated discrimination
56
dress
modestly dress, hijab, different coverings Architecture - geometric patterns, domes, mosques
57
language
arabic, calligraphy
58
art
calligraphy, geometric, mosaics
59
What is Bill 21?
Bill 21 is a law in Quebec that bans certain public workers — like teachers, police officers, and judges — from wearing religious symbols at work. This includes hijabs, turbans, kippahs, and face veils. It also stops people wearing face coverings from getting public services like riding the bus or going to the doctor.
60
what is extremism and how can we reduce islamophobia
-Holding extreme political or religious ideologies that are far outside norms of society. -deconstruction of beliefs -educating others to promote understanding, encouraging friendships between different religions, standing up against hate/discrimination

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