Science unit 1 test review

Question 1

Explain quantitative and qualitative physical observations.

1) Qualitative observations (qualities)
* these are made using ___
* they are ___ but not ___

2) Quantitative observations (measurements, properties)
* these require a ___ ___ or counting
* ___, they do not depend on the person doing it observation

Answer 1

1) Qualitative observations (qualities)
* these are made using our senses
* they are descriptive but not very accurate

2) Quantitative observations (measurements, properties)
* these require a measuring tool or counting
* accurate, they do not depend on the person doing it observation

Question 2

What are physical properties? (3)
give examples

Answer 2

• describe the observable properties of a substance
• do not change the substance
• Examples: size (mass, volume, density) shape, state, color, smell, texture…

Question 3

Give examples of physical properties.

Answer 3

Malleable, ductile, electrically conductive, thermally conductive, density, melting point, viscosity, brittleness, luster, hard, insulating, magnetic, reflective, transparent, opaque, translucent, texture, powder, crystals, color

Question 4

What is malleability?

Answer 4

material can be bend or shaped without breaking

Question 5

What is ductility?

Answer 5

materials that can be stretched into wires

Question 6

What is density?

Answer 6

how compact the molecules are. require mass and volume in order to calculate density.

Question 7

What is boiling point + melting point + and freezing point?

Answer 7

boiling point - 100 degrees celsius
melting point & freezing point - 0 degrees celsuis

Question 8

What are chemical properties?
* Chemical properties refer to ___ a substance is
* How a substance ___ when ___ with another
* Observations of chemical properties are impossible without a ___
* Deals with ___ or ___ structures of a substance

Answer 8

• Chemical properties refer to how reactive a substance is
• How a substance reacts when mixed with another
• Observations of chemical properties are impossible without a chemical change.
• Deals with atomic or molecular structures of a substance

Question 9

Give 4 examples of chemical properties? FROC

Answer 9

• Flammability – how easily the vapour ignites
• Combustion – the product can burn
• Oxidation – reaction with oxygen to produce:
  -rust on iron or steel, grey tarnish on silver, or green stuff on old copper pennies
• Reactivity – how quick two substances react to create a new product

Question 10

What is physical change and give examples of evidence of physical change.

Answer 10

In a physical change, there is no new substance made
Evidence of physical change are:
o Change of state
o Dissolving
o Cutting
o Breaking
o Ripping

Question 11

What is chemical change and give examples of evidence of chemical change.

Answer 11

In a chemical change a new substance with new
properties is formed.
Evidence of chemical change is:
* Change in colour
* Gas forms (odour &/or bubbles)
* Change in temperature or light (change in energy)
* A precipitate (solid) forms from mixing of two
liquids
* Change is irreversible

Question 12

tell me about electrons..
-charge
-mass
-space
-where they exist

Answer 12

-electrons carry a negative charge
-they have an extremely small mass
-they occupy a point in a very vast, empty amount of space
-electrons exist in orbits or shells

Question 13

tell me about protons…
-charge
-size compared to electrons
-major part of atoms ___
-space they occupy

Answer 13

-protons carry positive charge
-1800 times larger than electrons.
-are a major part of the atom’s overall mass.
-occupy a very small space in the nucleus of the atom.

Question 14

tell me about neutrons…
-charge
-relation to protons
-they are a major part of atoms __
-space they occupy

Answer 14

-neutrons have no charge and are neutral
-have a similar mass to protons.
-a major part of the atoms overall mass
-they occupy a very space in the nucleus of the atom

Question 15

what is the atomic number?

Answer 15

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (little number top left)

Question 16

what is the mass number?

Answer 16

the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus (bottom number below the letter(s))

Question 17

metals
-what side are they found on
-properties of metals

Answer 17

-metals are blue
-found on the left side of the periodic table
-shiny in appearance
-solid at room temperature, except for mercury (a liquid)
-soft, malleable, ductile, and bendable
-react with acids, conduct heat and electricity

Question 18

non-metals
-what side are they found on
-properties of non-metals

Answer 18

-non metals are red
-dull in appearance
-solids or gases at room temperature, except for bromine (liquid)
-brittle
-poor conductors of heat and electricity

Question 19

metalloids
-properties of metalloids

Answer 19

-metalloids are green
-found between the metals and non-metals on the periodic table
-shiny or dull in appearance
-solid at room temperature
-brittle
-may conduct electricity but are poor conductors of heat

Question 20

give 3 examples for each metals, non-metals, and metalloids

Answer 20

metals: gold, silver, titanium, mercury
non-metals: oxygen, nitrogen, carbon
metalloids: silicon, boron, germanium

Question 21

what are the families on the periodic table? (7)

Answer 21

-alkali
-alkaline earth metals
-halogens
-noble gases or inert gasses
-transition metals
-rare earth metals or lanthanides
-actinides

Question 22

alkali metals

-column they’re found on
-they are the most…
-as with all metals, they are…

Answer 22

-found in the column 1 of the periodic table
-they are the most reactive metals
-they do not exist by themselves in nature
-as with all metals, they are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity

Question 23

alkaline earth metals

-what kind of metals they are
-what column their found on

Answer 23

-are metallic elements found in column 2 of the periodic table
-they do no exist by themselves in nature

Question 24

halogens

-kind of elements
-what column their found on
-the term halogen means “___” and compounds containing halogens are called “salts”
-halogens will readily react with other chemicals to form ___
-halogens form ___ of two paired atoms in their elemental form.
-the halogens exist, at room temperature, in all three states of ___

Answer 24

-the halogens group are non-metallic elements found in column 17 of the periodic table
-the term halogen means “salt-farmer” and compounds containing halogens are called “salts”
-halogens will readily react with other chemicals to form compounds
-halogens form molecules of two paired atoms in their elemental form.
-the halogens exist, at room temperature, in all three states of matter

Question 25

noble gases or inert gases

-column they are found on
-the gases rarely react with other elements because …
-the noble gases are very ___ as a result
-they exist as single ___ in their ___ form

Answer 25

-the six noble gases are found in column 18 of the periodic table
-the gases rarely react with other elements because their valence shell is full
-the noble gases are very stable as a result
-they exist as single atoms in their elemental form

Question 26

transition metals

-column they are found on
-as with all metals, they are…

Answer 26

-the 38 elements in column 3-12 of the periodic table are called transition metals
-as with all metals, they are ductile, malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricity

Question 27

rare earth metals or lanthanides

-sometimes also called ___ series
-where they are found on the periodic table
-hard to find high ___ in nature
-used for ___, ___, and ideal properties for lasers
-slow to react with ___

Answer 27

-sometimes also called kinithanide series
-first row of elements in the bottom 2 rows of periodic table
-hard to find high concentration in nature
-used for electric, magnetic, and ideal properties for lasers
-slow to react with water

Question 28

actinides

-they are often referred to ___ metals
-where they are found on the periodic table
-they are all ___
-used for their ___ energy properties
-some are ___ and ___ occurring (ex. uranium, thorium)
-some are ___ (ex. einsteinium, plutonium)

Answer 28

-they are often referred to heavy metals
-second row of elements in the bottom 2 rows of the periodic table
-they are all radioactive
-used for their nuclear energy properties
-some are abundant and naturally occurring (ex. uranium, thorium)
-some are synthetic (ex. einsteinium, plutonium)

Question 29

what is matter? what is it made up of? what 2 things can matter be?

Answer 29

-matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
-matter is made up of many different materials
-matter can be:
a pure substance (one type) or mixture (multiple types)

Question 30

where are elements found? they can either form? give an example

Answer 30

-they are found on the periodic table
-they can either form an atom (single unit of an element) or a molecule (multiple units of an element)
-ex. solid iron or oxygen gas

Question 31

what are compounds? give an example

Answer 31

two or more different elements that are chemically joined. ex. carbon dioxide

Question 32

Compound can be either ___ or ___. explain each, what they form, and give an example.

Answer 32

-compounds can be either ionic or molecular
-ionic compounds contain elements that include metal and non-metal atoms. they form repeating crystal structures. ex. single unit of salt
-molecular compounds contain elements that include only non-metal atoms. they form individual units. ex. a carbon dioxide atom

Question 33

define mixture

Answer 33

a substance that is made up of at least two different types of particles. (you can visually see. ex. cereal)

Question 34

define solution

Answer 34

a uniform mixture of two or more substances (you cannot visually see ex. apple juice)