Bio Quiz - Digestive System and Macromolecule Review Flashcards
(44 cards)
Q: What are the four major macromolecules in food?
A: Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids (fats), and nucleic acids.
Q: What are the monomers of carbohydrates?
A: Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose).
Q: What are the monomers of proteins?
A: Amino acids.
Q: What are the monomers of lipids?
A: Glycerol and fatty acids.
Q: What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
A: Nucleotides.
Q: Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?
A: In the mouth with salivary amylase.
Q: Where does protein digestion begin?
A: In the stomach with pepsin.
Q: Where does lipid digestion occur?
A: In the small intestine with bile and lipase.
Q: Where are nucleic acids digested?
A: In the small intestine by nucleases.
Q: What does salivary amylase do and where?
A: Breaks down carbs in the mouth.
Q: What does pepsin digest and where?
A: Proteins in the stomach.
Q: What does pancreatic amylase do and where?
A: Breaks down carbs in the small intestine.
Q: What does trypsin do and where?
A: Breaks down proteins in the small intestine.
Q: What does lipase do and where?
A: Breaks down lipids in the small intestine.
Q: What do nucleases do and where?
A: Break down DNA/RNA in the small intestine.
Q: What do maltase, lactase, and sucrase do?
A: Break disaccharides into monosaccharides in the small intestine.
Q: What do peptidases do and where?
A: Break down peptides into amino acids in the small intestine.
Q: What are the four stages of food processing? explain each
A: Ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination (egestion).
Q: What is ingestion?
A: Taking in food through the mouth.
Q: What is digestion?
A: Breaking down food into smaller molecules (mechanically and chemically).
Q: What is absorption?
A: Transport of nutrients into the bloodstream (mainly in the small intestine).
Q: What is egestion/elimination?
A: Removal of undigested food as waste through the rectum/anus.
Q: What happens in the mouth during digestion?
A: Ingestion, mechanical digestion (chewing), chemical digestion (amylase).
Q: What is the function of the esophagus?
A: Moves food from mouth to stomach via peristalsis.
Q: What happens in the stomach?
A: Mechanical churning, chemical digestion of proteins, formation of chyme.
Q: What is the role of the small intestine?
A: Digestion and absorption of nutrients using villi and microvilli.
Q: What is the function of the large intestine?
A: Absorbs water, forms and stores feces.
Q: What does the liver do in digestion?
A: Produces bile to emulsify fats.
