Isreal Flashcards
(19 cards)
Hittites
A people from central Anatolia who established an empire in Anatolia and Syria in the late Bronze Age. With wealth from the trade in metals and military power based on chariot forces, the Hittites vied with New kingdom Egypt for control of Syria Palestine before falling to unidentified attackers ca 1200 bce.
Iron Age
Historians’ term for the period during which iron was the primary metal for tools and weapons. This advent of iron technology began at different times in different parts of the world.
Hatshepsut
queen of Egypt (r. 1473-1458 b.c.e.). She dispatched a naval expedition down the Red sea to Punt (possibly northeast Sudan or Eritria), the faraway source of myrrh. There is evidence of opposition to a woman as ruler, and after her death he name and image were frequently defaced.
Akhenaten
Egyptian pharaoh (r. 1353-1335 b.c.e.). He built a new capital at Amarna, Fostered a new style of natualistic art, and created a religious revolution by imposing worship of the sun-disk. The Amarna letters, largely from his reign, preserve official correspondence with subjects and neighbors.
Ramesses II
A long-lived ruler of New Kingdom Egypt (r.1290-1224 B.C.E,). He reached an accommodation with the Hittites o Anatolia after a standoff in battle a Kadesh in Syria. He built on a gran scale throughout Egypt.
Minoan
Prosperous civilization on the Aegean island of Crete in the second millennium B.C.E. The Minoans engaged in far-flung commerce around the Mediterranean and exerted powerful cultural influences on the early Greeks.
Mycenae
Site of a fortified palace complex in Southern Greece that controlled a Late Bronze Age kingdom. In Homer’s epic poems, Mycenae was the base of king Agamemnon, who commanded the Greeks besieging Troy. Contemporary archaeologists call the complex Greek society of the second millennium B.C.E. “Mycenaean.”
Linear B
A set of syllabic symbols, derived from the writing system of Minoan Crete, used in the Mycenaean palaces o the Late Bronze Age to write an early form of Greek. It was used primarily for palace records, and the surviving Linear B tablets provide substantial information about the economic organization of Mycenaean society and tantalizing clues about political, social, an religious institutions.
Shaft graves
A term used for the burial sites o elite members of Mycenaean Greek society in the mid-second millennium B.c.e. at the bottom of deep shafts lined with stone slabs, the bodies wee laid out along with gold and bronze jewelry, implements,weapons an masks.
Neo-Assyrian Empire
An empire extending from western Iran to Syria-Palestine, conquered by the Assyrians of northern Mesopotamia between the tenth and seventh centuries bce. They used force and terror and exploited the wealth and labor of their subjects. They also preserved and continued the culture and scientific developments of Mesopotamia civilization.
Mass deportation
The forcible removal and relocation of large numbers of people or entire populations. The mass deportation practiced by the Assyrian and Persia Empire were meant as a terrifying warning of the consequences of rebellion. They also brought labor to the imperial center.
Ashurbanipal
The seventh century bce. Assyrian ruler who assembled a large collection of writings drawn from the ancient literary, religious and scientific traditions of Mesopotamia. The many tablets unearthed by archaeologist constitute one of the most important of present-day know ledge of the long literary traditions of Mesopotamia.
Israel
In antiquity, the land between the eastern shore of the Mediterranean and the Jordan River, occupied by the Israelites from the early second millennium bce.
Hebrew Bible
A collection of sacred books containing diverse materials concerning the origins, experiences, beliefs, and practices of the Israelites. Most of the extant text was compiled by members of the priestly class in the fifth century bce. and reflects the concerns and view of this group.
First temple
A monumental sanctuary built in Jerusalem by King Solomon in the tenth century Bce. To be religious center for the Israelites god Yahweh. The temple priesthood conducted sacrifices, received a tithe or percentage of agricultural revenue, and became economically and politically powerful. The first temple was destroyed by the Babylonians in 587 bce and was rebuilt on a modest scale in the late sixth century bce. It was replaced by king herod’s second temple in the late first century bce. And destroyed by the roman in 70 ce.
Monotheism
Belief in the existence of a single Devine entity. Some scholars cite the devotion of the Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten to Aten and his suppression of traditional gods as the earliest instance. The Israelite worship of Yahweh develop into an exclusive belief in one god, and this concept passed into Christianity and Islam.
Diaspora
A Greek word meaning dispersal, used to describe the communities of a given ethnic group living outside their homeland. Jews, for example, spread from Israel to Western Asia and Mediterranean lands in antiquity and today can be found throughout the world.
Phoenicians
Semitic-speaking Canaanites living on the coast of Lebanon and Syria in the first millennium bce. From major cities such as tyre and Sidon, Phoenician merchants and sailors explored the Mediterranean, engaged in widespread commerce, and founded Carthage and other colonies in the western Mediterranean.
Carthage
City located in present day Tunisia, founded by Phoenicians ca. 800 bce. It became a major commercial center and naval power in the western Mediterranean until defeated by Rome in third century bce.
