Rise Of Islam Flashcards
(19 cards)
Mecca
City In Arabia; birthplace of Muhammad; location of the Ka’ba, The holiest shrine in Islam.
Muhammad (570-623 C.E.)
Arab prophet; founder of religion of Islam.
Muslim
An adherent of the Islamic religion: a person who “submits”(submission) to the will of god.
Islam
Religion expounded by the Prophet Muhammad on the basis of his reception of divine revelations, which were collected after his death into the Qur’an. In the tradition of Judaism and Christianity, And sharing much of their lore, Islam calls on all people to recognize one creator god-Allah_ who rewards or punishes believers after death according to how they led their lives.
Medina
City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca.
Umma
The community of all Muslims. A major innovation against the background of seventh-century Arabia, where traditionally kinship rather than faith had determined membership in a community.
Caliphate
Office established in succession to the Prophet Muhammad to rule the Islamic Empire; also the name of that empire.
Quran
Book composed of divine revelations made to the prophet muhammad between ca. 610 and his death in 632; the sacred text of the religion of Islam.
Shi’ites
Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam that believes that god vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad’s son-in-law Ali. Shi’ism is the state religion of Iran.
Umayyad Caliphate
1st hereditary dynasty of Muslim caliphs (661 to 750). From their capital at Damascus, the Umayyads ruled an empire that extended from the Spain to India. Overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphate..
Sunnis
Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam that believes that the community should select its own leadership. The majority religion in most Islamic countries.
Abbasid Caliphate
Descendants of the Prophet Muhammad’s uncle, al-Abbas, The Abbasid overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate and ruled an Islamic Empire from their capital in Baghdad.
Mamluks
Under the Islamic system of military slaver, Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate of the ninth and tenth centuries. Mamluks eventually founded their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria.
Ghana
1st known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa between the sixth and thirteenth centuries c.e. Also the modern west African country once know as the gold coast.
Ulama
Muslims religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and social core of Muslim urban Societies.
Hadith
A tradition relating the words or deeds of the Prophet Muhammad; next to the Quran, the most important basis for Islamic law.
Abu Bakr
Muhammad close friend,
Khadija
Muhammad wife
Ali
Muhammad’s uncle’s son
