Issues and Debates Eval

Question 1

Gender Bias Eval

Answer 1

• Formanowicz: Gener bias studies are not published
  () 1000 articles, over 8 years gender bias funded less
• Gender differences are presented as fixed
  () Maccoby and Jacklin: Reported girls have better verbal and boys have better spatial
  () Daphna Joel: No differences in brain structures
  CC: Ingalhalikar: Brain studies show women may have more connections between right and left brain allowing better multitasking

Question 2

Cultural Bias

Answer 2

+ Emergence of cultural psychology:
() Cohen: The study of how people are shaped by culture
() Studies take an emic approach

• Ethnic Steryotyping:
  () Gould: Intelligence tests led to EUGENIC policies in US
  () WW1: Ethnocentric like president names
  () South-eastern and African-american scored lowest leading to racist discourse
• Classical studies:
  () Asch
  CC: Takano and Osaka: 14 out of 15 studies found no evidence of individualism or collectivism

Question 3

Free will and detirminism

Answer 3

Practical Value:
() Rebecca Roberts: Adolescents who had strong view of fatalism were more likely to be depressed

The law:
() Offers offenders abibi

Research Evidence:
() Not supported by brain scans
() Libet: Unconcious brain activity half a second before wrist flick
CC: Unconcious could be free will

Question 4

Nature Nurter

Answer 4

+ Adoption Studies:
() Rhee and Waldman: Genetic influence account for 41% aggression
CC: Plomin nature leaads to nurture

+ Support for Epigenetics:
() WW2 DUTCH HUNGER WINTER: Babies who grew up 2x more likely to be schiz

+ Real World Application:
() Nestadt: High heritablity in OCD 0.76, understanding can inform genetic counselling

Question 5

Holism Reduction

Answer 5

Practical value:
() Holism lacks practical value as by considering many aspects, it is difficult to prioritise one for therapy

Scientific process:
() Form bases for science
() OPERATIONALISM variables
() Construct experiements and observations like ainsworth strange situation

Higher level:
() Reductionism cant explain behaviours at a higher level
() Example: Stanford prison

Question 6

Idio Nomo

Answer 6

• Nomothetic leads to losing the whole person
  () Only laws are focussed on
• Idio not as scientific
  CC: TRIANGULATION: Different sstudies are compared to increaase valdity

+ Idio complete acccount:
() In-depth analysis of one person leadss to overall understanding