Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

issues and policy > issues in aging > Flashcards

issues in aging Flashcards

1
Q

young old vs old old

A

young 65-74 old old is 74+ oldest old is 85+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

fastest groing protion of pop is

A

oldest old, 85+, growth rate is 2x those 65 and older, and 4x total pop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

elderly poverty levels

A

15.9% live in poverty. 18% AA and hispanics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

life expectancy for men and women

A

80.8 for W and 75.7 for men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

reduced ability to mantain

A

increasesiwth age, average onset is 30 and manifested in organs by 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

key systems most vulnerable to illness or disease in the elderly

A

circulatory, musculoskeletal , lower Urinaly tract

CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

predomininant presentations of illness and disease in the elderly

A 
delirium
dementia
falls
incontinence
functional decline
syncope
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

critical gero funcitons for NP

A

health promotion, health maintence, disease prevention facilitaiton of self care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Top 8 common conditions in older adults

A 
parkinsons
HTN
heart disease, 
respiratory disease
DM
Cancer
Cerebrovascular disease, 
atherosclerosis/alzheimers disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

top ten most common reasons for older adult hospitilazaions

A 
heart disease
CV disease
pneumonia
fractures
bronchitis
osteroarthritis
DM
nervouse system disease
prostate hyperpasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

most common causes of death in older adult

A 
heart disease 
cancer
cerebrovascular disease
COPD
pneumonia 
influenza
accidents
DM
septicemia
aterosclerosis 
HTN
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

social security

A

1200 a month, almost 15k per ear, for 36% of elders its 90% of income, for a quarter its the only income

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

danger signs that the elderly erson needs more help

A 
sudden weight loss
burns or injury marks
perculiar behavior of any kind
failure to take meds or over dosing
increased car accidents
generaized forgetfulness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

if danger signs are present all housing options should be discusssed and analyzed

A

ageing in place etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

functional health assessment includes

A

eval of social and ecenomic resources
physical and mental health
cognitive status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

advanced activities of daily living

A

complex measures of functional status, losing the ability in these activities may announce a major decline in overall health

include:
working
volunteering 
social activities
recreational activities
connection with peers and community
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Instrumental activities of daily living

A

Shopping

Housekeeping-cooking, laundry, cleaning, and health maintence like going to the doctor

Accounting- managing financial matters

Food prep

Transportaiotn and telephone skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

generally lose what first

A

IADL before AADL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

general ADL’s

A 
Dressing
Eating self feeding
Ambulating
Transferring and toileting 
Hygiene
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

functional assessment tools

A 
katz ADL scale
Barthel index
kenny self care scale
IADL
timed manual performance
performance test of ADL
framinham disability scale 
lawton scale
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

environmental assessment

A

must be conducted to adress the personal competence and physical limitations of the indiviual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

some conditions that influence elderly safety

A

lighting
temperature- rec is 75 less than 70 can cause hypothermia
floor covering- rugs are bad,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

bathroom thoughts for the elderly

A

lighting- keep it at all times
no thorw ruds
lever shaped faucet hanndles are better color code for temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

meds in environmental assesmet

A

label meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

nutritional risk assesment protein

A

rec is 0.8g/kg/day
albumin below 3.5% indicates protein malnutrition
low protein can slow healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

calcium intake considerations

A

individualize
absorption decreases with age
is the patient lactose intolerant

consider certain cancers
nephrolithiasis
hyperparathyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

BMI ranges

A

underweight is less than 18.5%
normal 18.5-24.9
overweight 25-29.9
obese over thirty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

meds that can up appetitie

A 
antidepressants
tranqualizers
beta adrenergic agents 
narcoleptics
hormones
steroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

nutirtional risk assessment

history

A

invountary weight loss
change in appetite
cange in clothing size

5 pound loss in 1 month 
5% of body weight in one month 
7.5% in 3 months 
10% in 6 months 
cange in funciton
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

albumin level normal

A

3.5-5g/dl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

prealbumin

A

16-35mg/dl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

transferrin

A

over 200mg/dl is normal

33
Q

total lymphocyte counts

A

1,200 to 1,800 cells/mm3

34
Q

primary reason for reduce sex in the oldies

A

dead dicks

35
Q

troubling sexual stuff

A

forgot to do buttons
failure to have same sex help from staff
discusssing peeps and poos in front of peers

36
Q

meds that can hurt libido

A

antihypertensives

37
Q

conditions that can hurt libido

A

MI, mastectoym or prostectomy

38
Q

atypical disease presentations caused by

A 
changes in thermoregulation
fluid volume regulaiton
cardica 
immune alterations 
nervous system changes
39
Q

age related thermoregulation changes

A

decreased heat production per kg of body weight
reduce muscle activity
decreased diet thermogenisis

40
Q

normal oral rectal temps

A
  1. 8 to 36.8oral

36. 8 to 37.2 rectal

41
Q

fluid volume regulation issues with older adults

A

deceased total body water
decreased thrist drive
decreased ADH response to dehydration

42
Q

older adult renal function

A

impaired RASS responsivness

results in less water taken in less water on reserve, predisposing them to faster dehydration

43
Q

sepsis in the older adults

A

40% of all deaths over 65 years old
sepsis is 9times more deadly in older adults
worse immune system and response, more co-morbidities, malnutrition. both protein and calory (30-60%

44
Q

sepsis in the older adults

A

many 50% of adults with infection present WITHOUT fever

45
Q

sepsis american medical directors association clinical practive guideline for fever in long term care

A

increase in tepm 1deg f or 1.1c from baseline
two or more oral temp measurments of 37.2 or more or rectal over 37.5

or single temp measurment over 37.8 C

46
Q

additional septic findings in the older adult

A 
low oral inttake
fatigue or withdrawal from activities
agitaiotn
confusion or delerium
falls
47
Q

Pharma considerations in gerontology -absorption

A

mostly unafected, focus on antacids (one hour before or four hours after other meds

48
Q

pharmakokinetics

A

study of how the body interacts iwth druds including absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion.

49
Q

distribution

A

distribution, is unaffected unless the paitn is affected by serious CV disease

50
Q

drugs that bind to plasma proteins

A

can be afffected by decrease in serum albumin levels

51
Q

metabolism in the elderly with drugs

A

meatbolism may be significantly reduced in geriatric patients, particular if their is liver imparment- dose adustment may be necessary

52
Q

liver and drugs in the elderly

A

decrease in hepatic blood flow can reduce the effectivness of the first pass phenomonon

53
Q

elimination of drugs in the elderly

A

renal clearance is significantly reduced, theraputic doses can be lower than in the young,

54
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

study of how drugs ineract with the body

55
Q

receptor changes

A

receptors may up regulate, or down regulate with age, ccausign changes in sensitivity in to certain agent

56
Q

homeostasis changes

A

decreased capacity to respond to physiological challanges and the adverse side effects of drug therapy

eg orthostatic hypotension

57
Q

pharmacogenitics

A

study of single gene genetic variations in drug variatioons

58
Q

pharmacogenitics

A

how an individuals unique genitic makeup will aler the funcition of meds, benefits can include
development of drugs taht max theraputic effects
more accurate methods of determning doses
prescribing fspecifically for nes genetic profile

59
Q

pharmacogenitics vs genomics

A

genetics begins with an unusual drug response and the searches for a genitic cause

genomics begins with lookign for genetic diffferences wh=thin a pop that explain certain observed response in a drug

60
Q

adverse reactions in the elderly anticholinergic

A

blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation dry mouth

61
Q

drugs most likely to cause adverse effects in the geriatric pop

A 
benzos
antipsychotics
beta blockerssteroids
ccimetidine
narcotics
diuretics

anticholonergic specific ones
cholonergic agonists
tricyclic anti depressants
antipsychotics

62
Q

drugs that effect balance and movement in the elderly

A 
neuroleptics
metronidazole
phynytoin
asa
aminoglcosides
lasix
beta blockers
vasodilarors
metoclopromide
63
Q

drugs with adverse effects on bone in the elderly

A

steroids, lithium heparin

64
Q

promoting safe drug use

A

nearly 45% of the older pop is non adherent to prescribed meds
polypharmacy is a problem- cdc says up to 12 meds daily
also more OTC drugs then gen pop

65
Q

promoting safe drug use self medication

A

may use meds that belong to someone else
may have herbal meds
provide ed of why a med is indicated AND why a med is not indicated

66
Q

functional indicators like

A

mni mental or geriatrc depression screen may be good indicators about whether a pt can manage their meds

67
Q

polypharmacy

A 
prevention
brown bag- bring in all the meds and see
communication between pharmacy and doc is essential
avoid combo products
start with lowest dose
68
Q

risks associated with polypharmacy

A 
morbidity 
increased expense
adverse reactions
increase in depression
risk of nursing home placement
69
Q

OTC that complicate polypharmacy

A

cimetidine- inhibits p450 prolonging the effects of other durgs

70
Q

otc and poly decongestants

A

are anticholinergics, the antagonize the activity or antihypertensives

71
Q

otc and poly nsaids

A

decrease renal blood flow reduces elimination of many drugs

72
Q

niacin and polypharmacy

A

may make antihypertensives stronger

73
Q

antacids and polypharmacy

A

may absorb other oral agents, reducing transfer to gut wall

74
Q

laxitives and poly

A

may chelated drugs reducing absorption

increase gut motility and can decrease absorption

75
Q

calcium products and poly

A

may decrease absorbace of thyroid hormones
tetracycline
others

76
Q

comorbidity influnces of meds renal

A

dose adjustments should be made on creatinine clearnece

77
Q

hepatic disease and drugs

A

serum levels may be higher

78
Q

cardiac disease and drugs

A

heart failure may effect perfusion and delivery leading to less than optimal theraputic outcomes

issues and policy (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions