neuro Flashcards

Question

CVA labs and diagnostics

Answer 1

Head CT cerebral angiography LP if the pt has a grade I or II annurysm, to detect blood in CSF but CT should be first

Answer 2

contra in large bleeds as brain stem herniation can be induced with rapid decompression of the subarachnoid space

Answer 3

infarct 80/20

Answer 4

fibrinolytic threapy indicated 3 is the answer up to -4.5 from last known well is contrverisal but done

Answer 5

sever head injury that cant allow for neuro assessment GCS <8 abnormal CT GCS

Answer 6

110-130 to prevent cerebral vasospasm.

Answer 7

3 vs 6 hrs

Answer 8

it si a calcium channel antagonist that helps to counter vasospasm by preventing calcium form entering the smooth muscle cells and causing contraction.

Answer 9

mode of seizure onset and spread

Answer 10

(focal local) no LOC rarley greater than 1 minute motor symptoms start in one group and spread to entire side of body parastethisas, flashing lights, vocalizations, hallucinations common.

Answer 11

any simple seizure followed by impaired level of cociousness | may have aura, staring or automatisms such as lip smacking, and picking at clothing.

Answer 12

hypotension] hypercapnea hypoxia

Answer 13

sudden arest of motor activity with blank stare | common discovered in children and adolescents begin and end suddenly

Answer 14

may have aura begins with tonic - repititive contraction of muscles, loc then clonic contractions involantary contraction of muscles 2-5 mins incontinece my occure post ictal after.

Answer 15

discovered in children

Answer 16

series of grand mal seizures of >10mins in duration they are a medical emergency may occur when awake or asleep but pt never regains consciousness between episodes most uncommon but most life threatening seizure type

Answer 17

presence of aura, onset, spread, type of movement, body parts involved,

Answer 18

eeg is most important test in determining the seizure classifications CT is indicated for all new onset seizures

Answer 19

most are self limiting protect airway benzos- 2-4mg, at 1-2mg/min dilantin- 20mg/kg- at 50mg/in continuous phenobarb is dilantin fails

Answer 20

autoimmune disorder resulting in the reduction of the number of acetycholine receptor sites at the neuromouscular junction

Answer 21

better at rest worst after activity | variable clinical course remission and execerbations

Answer 22

20-40 but can happen at any age, younger for women men in the 50's and 60's more common in woman than man

Answer 23

PTOSIS DIPLOPIA disarthia, dysphagia, visual changes and extremity weakness

Answer 24

``` antibody test (to acetycholine) tensilin test, edrophonium- if they get wores they had a cholinergic crisis, if they get better then its myasthenic crisis. ```

Answer 25

anticholinesterase drugs to block the hydrolosis of acetylcholine and are used for symptomatic improment- prostigmine. immunosuppressives plasmapharesis, vent

Answer 26

autoimmune disease marked by numbness, weakness, loss of muscle coordination, and problems with VISION SPEECH AND BLADDER CONTROL immune system attackes nerve insulator variable clinical course

Answer 27

young adults between 20-50 mostly western european descent living in temperate zones

Answer 28

``` weakness, numbness, tingling, or unsteadiness in a limb, may progress to all limbs spastic paraparesis diplopia, urinary symtoms, optic atrophy nystagmus ```

Answer 29

MRI of brain, cant base diagnosis solely on labs, slight protien elevation in CSF IgG also elevated.

Answer 30

neuro refferal, steroids for acute relapses, antispasmodics, interferon therapy, plasmapharesis

Answer 31

acute usually rapidly progressive form of inflammatory polyneuorpathy characterized by demylinaiton of the peripheral nerves resulting in SYMMERICAL ASCENDING PARALYSIS

Answer 32

unknown, usually preceded by a suspected viral infection accompanied by fever, 1-3 weeks before the onset of acute bilateral muscle weakness in the lower extremities flaccid paralysis can result within 48-72 hours

Answer 33

male and female are equal,

Answer 34

typically a rapidly progressive paralysis with cranial nerve involvement. reflexes are hypoactive or absent

Answer 35

CSF protein is usually elevated (especially Immunogloublin G

Answer 36

infection of the membranes of the pia matter and arachnoid matter of the brain or spinal cord

Answer 37

should be considerd in any patient with fever adn neuro symptoms especially with history of other infection or head trauma acute bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency

Answer 38

in 80-90% of the cases it is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, H influenze, or nisseriea meningitidis

Answer 39

fever 101-103, severe headache, STIFF NECK, KERNIGS SIGN, pain and spasm of hamstring muscles, Brudzinski- legs flex at both the hips and the knees in response to the flexion of the head and neck to the chest, photophobia and seizures

Answer 40

LP- CSF will be cloudy or xanthochromic (yellow) with elevated pressure, protein, decreased glucose, with WBC's CT of head is indicated

Answer 41

when one pressure in head increases another must decrease.

Answer 42

high does IV abx, Penicillin G, vanc with a thrid generation cephalosporin

Answer 43

bradycardia hypertention, slow or strange respiration

Answer 44

brusing behind ears at mastoid process

Answer 45

everyone gets c spine | ct head and skull films

Answer 46

pain, position, aralysis, paresthesias

Answer 47

C injury = quad | T can move arms parapalegiea

Answer 48

methlprednisolone - 30mg/kg iv bolus followed by 5.4mg/kg infusion per hour for 24 hours withing the first 8 hours of injury

Answer 49

C4 or above equals respiratory compromise | T4-T6 may lead to autonomic dysreflexia- an emergency medical condition

Answer 50

exaggerated autonomic response, to a stimulus, bladder or bowel distention, hot or cold stim, restrictive clothing symptoms include, diaphoresis and flushing aboe the level of the injury chills and severe vasoconstriction below the level of the injury HTN Bradycardica Headache nausea tx is remove stim and BP control

Answer 51

caused by damage to one half of the spinal cord ipsilateral upper motor nuron paralysis and loss of propriaoception tx is MRI and steroids

Answer 52

compression of nerve roots at the end of the spinal cord numbness in lowerlegs, or saddle region, mri,steroids, surgery for decompresssion.

Answer 53

neurogenic schock may occur disruption of sympathetic impulses causes uninterupted parasympthetic stim leading to massive vasodilation hypovolemia low bp pressors

Answer 54

not enough dopamne 45-65 all groups

Answer 55

TREMOR, BRADYKANESIA, AND RIGIDITY wooden faces, myersons sign- repetive tapping produces sustained blinking impaired swallowng

Answer 56

up dopaine carbidopa-levodopa- sinamet amantadine mirapex help with tremor cogentin, artane,

Answer 57

``` atheosclerosis, neurotransmitter deficits cortical atrophy ventricular dilation loss of brain cells possible viral causes alzheimers disease ```

Answer 58

``` drug reactions emotional disorders metabolic or endocrine disorders emotional disorders nutritional problems tumors infection ateriosclerosis ```

Answer 59

cant recognize an object

neuro Flashcards

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