Italy 1861-1896 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What problems did Italy face in 1861?
-Garibaldi’s supporters hopes were crushed when he handed over Sicily and Naples
-Still no national language
-Threat of invasion from Austria, France, Prussia and Britain
-Piedmont wanting to expand
-South was FAR less developed than the North
Why was it inevitable that Venetia would be acquired by Italy?
-Italians wanted to win it in battle
-Plombières Agreement promised that Napoleon III would help take back Venetia
Why was it inevitable that Rome would be acquired by Italy?
-French had to remove troops from Rome for the Prussia War, which basically handed it over to Italy
When was Venetia acquired by Italy?
1866
When was Rome acquired by Italy?
1870
Why was the 1866 Prussian War important?
-Austria had many troops and a strong fortification on Venetia
-Provided Napoleon III a diplomatic opportunity to secure Venetia through a double deal
-So Venetia was secured
Why was the 1866 Prussian War less important?
-Napoleon III now owned Venetia, not Italy. Although Italy now had Venetia, it wasn’t through their own efforts
-Austria offered Venetia to Italy in exchange for neutrality, but VEII refuses
-99.9% supported unity…. yeah no that was rigged
Why was the 1870 Prussian War important?
-French were too powerful to defeat
-Napoleon was an ally
-Garibaldi’s attempts in 1862 and 67 failed
-Pope was a huge obstacle
Why was the 1870 Prussian War less important?
-Italy had a better claim to Rome since it was their natural capital
-Rome is taken very easily
Why was the Pope such an issue?
-Pope Pius IX was the worlds biggest hater
-He didn’t like that Italy had taken Rome + the Papal States as he considered it HIS territory
-He told all Christian Italians to not participate in Italian politics if they were good christians, and 90% of Italians were Christian
-Excommunicated VEII
What social issues did Italy face by 1870 despite reunification?
-North and South dislike each other
-No national language leads to tension in military
-Xenophobia across the different regions
What economic issues did Italy face by 1870 despite reunification?
-North is industrial while South is Agrarian
-North had better infrastructure which makes it more connected to the rest of Europe
-Sicily and Sardinia are impoverished
-Crime and disease
What political issues did Italy face by 1870 despite reunification?
-1 central government + VEII
-VEII is a limited leader who refused to change from the 2nd
-Extremely limited constitution
-Piedmontisation
-Ideology divisions
What was the Brigands War?
A period of conflict beginning in 1861 where Peasants and loyalists to the previous monarchy resisted the new Kingdom of Italy. This lasted until 1865, but the Kingdom of Italy did win.
What was Piedmontisation?
Piedmont making their rules and laws apply all across Italy, basically making the rest of Italy an extension of Piedmont
Why was Piedmontisation implemented?
VEII went from the ruler of Piedmont to the ruler of all of Italy. Despite the North and South being drastically different, he treated all of Italy as if it was the same
What positive effect could Piedmontisation have had?
The rules and laws of Piedmont were good
Why was Piedmontisation bad?
-The North and the South hated each other
-Language barriers
What was the 1882 Triple Alliance?
An agreement between Italy, Austria-Hungary and Germany saying that they would support each other if France attacked them without provocation
What was the Battle of Lissa 1866?
A naval battle between Italy and Austria. It ended with Italy’s defeat due to their poor training, co-operation and leadership. Lots of budget was put into the military, but the soldiers weren’t trained and didn’t like each other
