IVU’s Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is the definition of a Urinary Infection (IU)?
The condition in which bacteria establish and multiply in any part of the urinary tract
It can range from perirenal areas to the urethral meatus.
In which population is Urinary Infection more frequent during the neonatal period?
Males
In childhood and adulthood, it predominantly affects females.
What percentage of women will experience at least one episode of Urinary Infection in their lifetime?
20-50%
What are the microorganisms capable of causing Urinary Infections?
Microorganisms include:
* Flora from the host (fecal flora)
* Bacteria introduced through instrumentation (e.g., urinary catheter)
What are the main factors determining Urinary Infections?
- Magnitude of the inoculum
- Susceptibility of anatomy (short urethra)
- Sexual activity
- Use of spermicides and diaphragm
- Incomplete bladder emptying
- Estrogen deficiency during menopause
What is the ascending route of infection in Urinary Infections?
Bacteria colonize the:
* Anus
* Distal urethra
* Vagina
Then ascend to the renal parenchyma via the ureter and pelvis, leading to pyelonephritis.
Which microorganism is responsible for 90% of Urinary Infections?
Escherichia coli
What clinical symptoms are associated with lower Urinary Infections?
- Dysuria
- Frequency (polaquiuria)
- Bladder tenesmus
- Suprapubic discomfort or pain
- Urgency
- Incontinence
- Hematuria
What symptoms indicate a higher Urinary Infection (pyelonephritis)?
- Fever (chills)
- Flank pain
- ⅓ of patients may show signs of lower Urinary Infection
What characterizes asymptomatic bacteriuria?
Presence of >105,000 CFU/mL in urine with no inflammatory response and no symptoms.
What is the most common form of Urinary Infection?
Uncomplicated or benign Urinary Infection
What are the clinical varieties of acute cystitis in young women?
- Dysuria
- Frequency (polaquiuria)
- Suprapubic pain
What differentiates a relapse from a reinfection in Urinary Infections?
Relapse: same microorganism appears within 3 weeks after treatment.
Reinfection: new infection by another germ after 7-10 days.
What are the common diagnostic methods for Urinary Infections?
- Clinical history
- General urine examination
- Urine culture with antibiogram
What preventive measures can help avoid Urinary Infections?
- Drink 2-3L of fluids daily
- Urinate frequently (every 2-3 hours)
- Urinate before bedtime
- Urinate before and after sexual activity
- Maintain hygiene with diaphragm use
- Prevent and treat pelvic inflammatory diseases
What is the first-line treatment for Urinary Infections?
- Nitrofurantoin
- TMP-SMX
True or False: Asymptomatic bacteriuria is common in men under 50.
False
It is rare in men under 50 years.
