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Pharmacology > IX - Cardiovascular Drugs > Flashcards

IX - Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Formula for BP

A

CO x SVR

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2
Q

Extended Formula for BP

A

HR x SV x SVR

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3
Q

First-line drug for essential hypertension

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (↓BP by 10-15 mmHg)

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4
Q

Hypertension with co-morbid CHF/DM, SE: cough, angioedema, contraindicated in bilateral renal artery stenosis

A

ACE Inhibitor (Captopril)

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5
Q

ACE inhibitor tolerance

A

ARB (Losartan)

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6
Q

Hypertension with co-morbid BPH

A

Prazosin/Tamsulosin

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7
Q

Pre-eclampsia, maintenance medication, SE: (+) Coomb’s hemolytic anemia

A

Methyldopa

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8
Q

Pre-eclampsia, acute BP lowering, SE: reflex tachycardia, drug-induced lupus

A

Hydralazine

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9
Q

Hypertensive emergency, SE: hypertrichosis

A

Minoxidil

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10
Q

Hypertensive emergency, SE: cyanide poisoning

A

Nitroprusside

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11
Q

Antidote for cyanide poisoning

A

inhaled Amyl Nitrite + IV Na Nitrite + Na Thiosulfate

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12
Q

Part of the ETC affected by cyanide

A

Complex IV (Cytochrome C Oxidase)

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13
Q

Relief of acute anginal attacks, SE: headache

A

Nitroglycerin/ISDN

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14
Q

Angina maintenance medication, VASCULAR > cardiac, SE: flushing, edema, gingival hyperplasia

A

Nifedipine

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15
Q

Angina maintenance medication, vascular < CARDIAC, vasospastic angina, Raynaud’s phenomenon

A

Diltiazem

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16
Q

Supraventricular tachycardia, vascular < CARDIAC, SE: gingival hyperplasia

A

Verapamil

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17
Q

Why do patients taking nitrates usually experience throbbing headaches?

A

meningeal artery vasodilation

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18
Q

Why is Ca-dependent neurotransmission or hormone release not affected by CCBs?

A

CCBs block L-type Ca channels (other channels are N, P & R)

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19
Q

Drugs that cause gingival hyperplasia

A

Nifedipine, Cyclosporine, Phenytoin, Verapamil

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20
Q

Positive inotrope for heart failure, SE: arrythmias (PVC, AVB), red-green color blindness, yellow visual halos

A

Digoxin (foxglove)

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21
Q

Treatment of pulmonary edema in CHF

A

Loop Diuretic (Furosemide)

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22
Q

First-line drug for chronic CHF, cardioprotective

A

ACE-I, ARB

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23
Q

Improves survival in CHF

A

ACE-I, β-Blocker, Aldosterone Antagonist (Spironolactone)

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24
Q

Decreases hospitalization in CHF

A

Digoxin

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25
Improves survival in CHF patients of African-American descent
Hydralazine + ISDN
26
Treatment of all types of arrhythmias, Wolff-Parkinson-White , SE: drug-induced lupus
Procainamide (IA)
27
Arrhythmias, SE: cinchonism (headaches, tinnitus, vertigo)
Quinidine (IA)
28
Post-MI arrhythmias, digitalis arrhythmias, SE: seizures
Lidocaine (IB)
29
Refractory arrhythmias, contraindicated post-MI
Flecainide (IC)
30
Perioperative and thyrotoxic arrhythmias, SVT
Esmolol (II)
31
Arrhythmias, SE: dose-dependent torsades de pointes
Sotalol (II)
32
Most efficacious anti-arrhythmic, SE: skin deposits, pulmonary fibrosis, hyper/hypothyroidism
Amiodarone (I, II, III, IV)
33
Outpatient management of SVT, SE: gingival hyperplasia
Verapamil (IV)
34
Class IA Anti-Arrythmics
Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide
35
Class IB Anti-Arrythmics
Mexiletine, Tocainide, Lidocaine
36
Class IC Anti-Arrythmics
Propafenone, Flecainide, Encainide
37
Anti-Arrythmics: Na-channel
Class I
38
Anti-Arrythmics: β-adrenoreceptor
Class II
39
Anti-Arrythmics: K-channel
Class III
40
Anti-Arrythmics: Ca-channel
Class IV
41
AP Duration: Class IA Anti-Arrythmics
prolonged
42
AP Duration: Class IB Anti-Arrythmics
shortened
43
AP Duration: Class IC Anti-Arrythmics
no effect
44
AP Duration: Class II Anti-Arrythmics
no effect
45
AP Duration: Class III Anti-Arrythmics
prolonged
46
AP Duration: Class IV Anti-Arrythmics
no effect
47
ECG: Class IA Anti-Arrythmics
prolonged PR, QRS, QT
48
ECG: Class IB Anti-Arrythmics
no effect on normal cells
49
ECG: Class IC Anti-Arrythmics
prolonged QRS
50
ECG: Class II Anti-Arrythmics
prolonged PR
51
ECG: Class III Anti-Arrythmics
prolonged QT
52
ECG: Class IV Anti-Arrythmics
prolonged PR
53
Drugs that cause agranulocytosis
Clozapine, Co-trimoxazole, Aminopyrine, Phenylbutazone, Indomethacin, Tocainide, Colchicine, PTU
54
Amiodarone Toxicity
Corneal deposits, Skin deposits, Pulmonary fibrosis, Tremors, Paresthesia, Thyroid dysfunction
55
Why are dihydropyridine CCBs not useful as anti-arrhythmics?
facilitate arrhythmias
56
Acts on the PCT, laucome, mountain sickness, SE: NAGMA, hepatic encephalopathy
Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)
57
Acts on the TAL, pulmonary edema, most efficacious, SE: ototoxicity, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia
Furosemide (loop diuretic)
58
Acts on the DCT, SE: hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia
Hydrochlorothiazide (thiazide)
59
Acts on the CCD, SE: gynecomastia, hyperkalemia
Spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist)
60
Acts on the PCT, DCT & CCD, rhabdomyolysis, increased ICP, contraindicated in heart failure
Mannitol (osmotic diuretic)
61
Causes of HAGMA
Methanol, Uremia, DKA, Paraldehyde, Isoniazid, Lactic Acidosis, Ethanol, Salicylates
62
Causes of NAGMA
Hyperalimentation, Acetazolamide, Renal Tubular Acidosis, Diarrhea, Ureteral Diversion, Pancreatic Fistula
63
Loop Diuretic Toxicity
Ototoxicity, Hepatotoxicity, Dehydration, Allergy to Sulfa, Nephritis, Gout
64
Thiazide Toxicty
hyperGlycemia, hyperLipidemia, hyperUricemia. hyperCalcemia
65
Drugs that cause gynecomastia
Spironolactone, Digoxin, Cimetidine, Amiodarone, Ketoconazole
66
K-Sparing Drugs
Spironolactone, Triamterene, Amiloride, Eplerenone

Pharmacology (34 decks)

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