jakarta Flashcards
(37 cards)
location
indonesias capital city
NW coast of Java Island
lies between Sumatra to the W and Bali to the E
Jepang Besai
a slum that is just northwest of the city centre -has come about largely due to the fact that there is a lack of affordable housing.
why is there a lack of affordable housing
Jakarta is a huge draw for migrants. It’s a place of industrialisation and economic boom in Indonesia. And therefore, the government and private sector can’t actually keep up with the demand for housing.
whats the slum like
only half a kilometre, and it’s very densely packed in terms of housing and population, over 31,000 people living in that half a kilometre. It’s a place that has developed a community. It’s an organic settlement that has happened over 40 years. strong sense of community due to people living there for multiple generations
housing conditions in the slum
people have had to build their own houses- often on the ground floor is that the original house is actually built of timber or brick, which is of a reasonable quality. But because of the lack of space, and the need for more people to live in this area, extra stories have been added - made from scrap metal and wood, by the residents themselves, and therefore aren’t very well made and very makeshift
problems with informal housing
they don’t have amenities plugged in- electricity and sanitation
often kerosene has to be used in homes for lighting and cooking, and therefore kerosene as a fuel is a a high chance of creating a fire.
electrical supplies that have been tapped into-
done informally, they’re often not very well put in place; they’re not by experts and they often overload the circuit breakers. –> fires that spread rapidly
The social-economic conditions
it’s getting richer, but there is large inequality the wealthiest individuals that live in Jakarta own about 30 percent of the resources, and that would be the top 10 percent; people in Jakarta would be the poorest 10% and they would only have access to a small amount of resources
employment- informal
most of the employment will be in the informal sector- small businesses that are not regulated by the government, lots of self-employment, often service-based, so selling food or selling textiles.
these are very vulnerable jobs that therefore people don’t know how much money they will make day to day
nearly 60% of the entire economy of Jakarta is informal
People will go to any means to make income, not just selling services, but here we can see that people have actually salvaged materials from waste tips and they’re selling those on a second-hand goods.
people often in these areas make $4 or less a day
employment -formal
normally comes in the form of the garment industry and in Jakarta there is small-scale producers- about 10 or 12 people would be working or making textiles in a small factory all in one room
they’re not very regulated–> the conditions are crowded, there’s not much health and safety, and the workers have very few employment rights or rights to sick pay
health conditions
The only toilets are often run by small companies that are trying to make profit- most of these toilets are actually flush their waste into the streets or the local river –> health problems
when human waste mixes with the drinking water diseases like cholera and typhoid start to spread when people consume that water.
drinking water
here isn’t very much clean water actually available so people are often drinking supplies that are contaminated through the waste that is being dumped
There is some groundwater but Jembatan Basi is actually built on a former waste tip so if people do have the money to be able to access groundwater through wells or pumps, it’s often polluted.
malaria
is in a hot and humid area. tropical temperate zone and because of that it’s the perfect breeding sites for mosquitoes which produce malaria so this is another threat to the people living in this slum
air pollution
kerosene is a major source of air pollution -people are using it in their homes for cooking and lighting and the actual fumes can cause diseases like lung disease or bronchitis which again another health problem but also the fact is that it’s just a large source of pollution in the slums
there’s lots of industrialisation in the city so lots of factories, and so the people in the slum are also subject to the wider air pollution that is coming across from other parts of the city, and the winds bring it
diet
low income so the diet is often based around rice; there are very few opportunities for vegetables and protein that get into the slums
education
The schools are very poorly equipped, and a lot of the children end up in the informal sector because their parents can’t afford for them not to be working; so young girls often end up in the garment sector, again, working in these very very poor conditions in small-scale produced factories.
governments attempts at improvement
tried to implement 392 community units (areas in slums which are trying to improve)
they’ve cleared slums and they’ve tried to upgrade buildings by using bricks rather than the kind of corrugated iron or wood, but also starting to install key services and amenities - proper sanitation, running water.
problems with their attempts
very expensive- the Jakartan government doesn’t have a lot of money to actually fund this.
when you start to clear slums, what actually happens is those slum residents simply move to another slum
eg Killawong River slums- people have moved from other slums to there when they’ve had their slum cleared,
economy
high gdp
accounts for 17% of indonesias total economy
poverty
9% live in poverty
life expectancy
68 years
literacy
99.8%
population
Greater Jakarta: over 30 million
4th most populous country
gender inequality index
0.42
GDP per capita
12460
