EDC: Brazil (Migration)

Question 1

migration from 2004-2016

Answer 1

net migration negative
more emigrating from Brazil than Immigrating to Brazil
economic reasons and quality of life

Question 2

migration from 2017

Answer 2

net migration positive
more people immigrating to Brazil than emigrating from Brazil
humanitarian crises in Haiti and Venezuela- Brazil quite welcoming

Question 3

historic migration to Brazil

Answer 3

From 1870 to 1930, between 2 million and 3 million immigrants settled in Brazil. While most came from Europe, significant numbers also arrived from the Middle East and Asia.

Question 4

historic migration to Brazil

Answer 4

between 1908 and 1941 189000 Japanese people came to Brazil

Question 5

source countries for immigration to Brazil

Answer 5

-Venezuela 250000 –> physical proximity(N), humanitarian crises causing people to flee
-Portugal 175000 –> similar language, culture and quality of life
-Japan 62000 –> left economic hardship to seek a better life did farming jobs

Question 6

countries of destination for Brazilian emigrants

Answer 6

-USA 2085000 –> plan to work, can earn 4x more and experience the culture
-Portugal 513000 –> Brazil was a former colony

Question 7

economic independence

Answer 7

remittances from: US,Japan, Portugal
total received: 4000 million usd
total sent: 2000 million usd
3% of GDP

Question 8

political interdependence

Answer 8

-committed to cooperation with other portuguese speaking nations through joint collaborations in: military coooeration, financial aid and cultural exchange
-Portugal was a previous coloniser so gives special status(no visa)
-Portugal= gateway to Europe
-US and China top trading partners

Question 9

social interdependence

Answer 9

-shared language and ancestry/family ties with portugal so share culture
-the National Immigration Council for Brazil enables Haitan immigrants to obtain visas easily when still in Haiti to reduce vulnerability to trafficking

Question 10

environmental interdependence

Answer 10

USA gives support in environmental projects like training Xavante Indigenous people to protect their forests from fires

Question 11

impact on economic development

Answer 11

-waves of migrants from Japan and Europe have contributed to the growth of agriculture and manufacturing over time
-recent arrivals of highly skilled professionals with employment contracts have contributed to entrepreneurship, innovation and reducing gaps in the labour market

Question 12

impact on political stability

Answer 12

-has a stable and demographic political system
-leading member of MERCOSUR a trading bloc that has a free flow of trade, capital and labour migration –> helped South American integration and promotion of political stability
-important member of G20 and OECD
-important receiver of environmental and political regugees –> accepts responsibility for their welfare and employment prospects

Question 13

social equality impacts

Answer 13

-UNESCO: there are inequalities in Brazil between ethnic groups in housing provision, access to services, educational attainment and income
-those of African descent are most affected